Business And Information Technology Strategy Information Technology Essay

military control And Information utilize science schema Information Technology Essay duty and instruction engine room (IT) schema has long been accepted as a key issue for passenger cars and has wrickn in richness as IT has become strategicalally signifi chiffoniert. For any kind of concern to be espo mappinged in the market should follow close to strategies. With the growing technological instruction competition has increase therefore managers or CEO should focus their fear on the generatement technology. Similarly, Frito Lay c be dodge involved entropy technology. The IT function in e precise job is about capturing, processing, storing and distributing reading or data.IntroductionInformation Technology (IT) is crucial to any business. IT Strategy focuses on strategic IT issues on how to submit IT work for businesses and improve telephoner cognitive process onside examining focus of lifes of exploiting the full authorisation of information dodges from existing and unfermented IT products. High-performance businesses view IT as a strategic asset-a source of both(prenominal)(prenominal) operational excellence and competitive receipts. Frito Lays business strategy which also employ the IT strategy for the improvement of their sales and to make the information available to its customers.overlapping or Similarities surrounded by IT Strategy and Frito Lay business strategyStrategy is a comprehensive program for accomplishing institutions goals. IT strategy is similar to Frito Lay business strategy business although the focus is specifically on technology. It is important to plan ahead for the explicatement of your IT systems, which will need to be able to grow and adapt to any changes in business. til outright, business strategies and IT strategies overlap in most cases atomic number 18 as follows some(prenominal) strategies focus on anxiety victimisation same strategies. twain strategies act as a alsol use for plannin g the future seems that they be unique.Both of the strategies ar similar in a way that they are regulating a product and its structure simultaneously.Both of the strategies train a certain goal to reach its crowning(prenominal) success in a same manner.Both strategies measure out their interior(a) and external surround in order to gibe a business office and market approach meaning that equally they are responsible for gaining success.Both strategies reflecting the relationship between business strategy and IT strategy reservation the proof that IT strategy is indeed primarily a business tool (Simons Davila, 1998 Kantrow, 1980 Haeckel Nolan, 1993 Amit Shoemaker, 1993).In the concern perspective of Frito Lay business strategies it mainly at rootage focuses on circumspection. Management process deals with the activities using resources and how this strategy so-and-so be utilize for achieving businesss goals. Frito Lay business strategy in which incorporated IT util ise as a critical contributor to the business, focused on meliorate business value and performance. Both of the strategies combine to make the business successful.Both of the strategies are designed to establish a business-driven approach to infrastructure toward the management of it business receiptss. Basically IT helps to identify opportunities for reduced costs, reduced risk, improved reference and great business value. IT Strategy is a highly prestigious similar Frito Lay business strategy focusing on both strategic IT business issues and recent developments in information technology. round Related Elements between IT Strategy and Corporate Strategies at Frito Lay aiming business elements refers to proclaiming a quite a little and planning a means of getting there. Though the Frito Lay business related with some elements with the IT especially nature of the organizations lead, complexness of the organizations environment, size of the organization, expertness of planners (Drew et al., 2006) etc. In Frito Lay business strategies earlier it didnt use the elements. Of the most(prenominal) strategic way how these elements worked as a sound management in every aspects of Frito Lay business should deal with different information technology. With the complexity of the technological change agnize how IT is now be used widely to take advantage of the competitive market (The daily Star, 2010). The organization environment both of the Frito Lay business and IT sector has faced challenges ahead to modify its respective business. Both the size and nature of this two business strategy has greatly impact on the overall value delivery system resulting in the increase or decrease of sales volume.Frito-Lay used management information system tools include Executive Support strategy (ESS), decisiveness Support System (DSS), and Packaging Application Expert (PAX).ESS helps to locate potential problems in maintaining sales directs and market share those are also elements of IT strategy.Some of the Key Comp unrivalednts of Frito Lays PlansThere are some of the key comp onenessnts of Frito Lays plans that must be reviewed such asThe length of the promotion or Time establishPromotional and distributional activitiesCost, salesDecision reservation process and in operation(p) policesProductivity and working processManagement processOrganization social organization or infrastructure of the businessCorporate initiatives and their contributionTechnological development, tractability and their usesControl processesSelection of the best business toolsCompetition and Production susceptibilityJustification of the Key Components of Frito Lays planTime is important components for the business to succeed in the market. Strategy and Planning serve produce a roadmap of understandably defined projects designed to extract more(prenominal) value from existing assets. This roadmap force out also be used to certification the deployment of critical busin ess-driven projects. If proper information is not readily available to the customers as well as to the trough the trustworthys will suffer a lot.Promotional activities that communicate the merits of the products and persuade the rank customers (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008). Distribution of the sales people among different areas help to achieve maximal productivity and effectiveness.Focusing on sales Frito Lays business can survey its position and its strength. A review of the sales, cost and profit projections for a hot product whitethorn satisfy the Frito Lay businesss objectives.Productivity, management process, decision making process can greatly enhance the business in a wide distribution area. Together with the technological innovation businesses go forward with the competitions market. Business goals could be achieved easily with the understanding of business productivity and better quality. Business information would be dynamic and integrated that should enable soak up employees and managers throughout the caller to access timely and relevant information to back off market strategy. Frito Lay business later identified these components and tried to execute that result in profit of their business.Some StrategiesThere are a variety of perspectives, models and approaches used in strategic planning. The way that a strategic plan is developed depends on various strategies that would be an effective way to communicate plans to executives, fourth-year management, and team up members if used at Frito Lay.Division of areas one strategy that may be an effective way to communicate plans to executives, senior management, and team members if each area is subdivided to different small areas. One manager is assign to evaluate performance to the lower team members who will narration to the manager.Organize a management team. Usually the signals that mental synthesis familiarity among the companys advisors, employees, area managers, executives to make the communication easier.Short deputation statement. Once the team has been organized, a design mission statement which out jobs the goals for the communications effort. This statement is critical in building consensus among the team members over the future course of action. pass on communication simple. Keep your internal and external communications simple, direct, and frequent so that everyone is kept apprised of your progress. Tell your draw a bead on publics what you are going to do, do it, and then propound them how youve done it. Forthright disclosure is essentialDecentralization It is actually one end of a continuum anchored. In this type of organization decision making power and authority are delegated as far down the authority. By delegating power and authority systematically from middle and lower level employees a relationship is established accelerating communication throughout a base team. Organization should not only focus their attention on decentralisation they als o focus their attention on centralization.Centralization Sometimes the firm should only focus on the management activities among the higher level authorities.Identify actions or redress and communicate progress on a unshakable basis. Prior to communication on a regular basis. By coming together weekly rather than once a month shortened both thought cycle and action cycle to be more in paces changes in the business.Keep the lines of communication open. Non-management employees or stave may unfold valuable insights into alternative courses of action. Encouraging suggestions from the bottom up also helps halt interest and involvement high among audiences that have a stake in the outcome of the crisis, but little into the decision-making process. Keeping the lines of communications open may result in a fresh perspective toward the solution of a problem.Build on a short-term plan with a long-run proactive communications strategy. Nothing builds interest and involvement like conscio usness and fellowship. The more your target publics know about you, the more promising they are to want to do business with you. Keeping your audiences informed builds interest and involvement. This translates into familiarity and awareness about a company, its products and services, and a businesss growth and development. A well-planned and skillfully downed strategic communications program can be a powerful tool for turnaround success.Engaging in communications can help minimize disruption to a business and its bottom line and help the turnaround manager guide his clients back to business as usual.Controlling the operating process. Control is one of the main function of the management in h organization. Control helps the firms with a ways to adapt the environmental change, to limit the accumulation of errors, to cope with the environmental complexity and minimize the cost. A properly designed control systems can help anticipate, monitor and answer changing circumstances.Build up Effective team leadership. Develop leadership and management capability at all levels in the organization from the first-line executive program to members of the executive team. Both with the Executive Team leader and members of the executive team on an individual basis to help them improve their effectiveness in spite of appearance the team. rating of the StrategiesAfter the strategies have been developed then comes the evaluation of the strategies. paygrade is also very important. Although Flexibility is essential in any situation. Evaluation of the strategies is measured in terms of its feasibility, its satisfactoriness and its consequences. Is your message getting through? Is the media acting your story accurately? Are your target audiences responding appropriately? If your plan isnt working, dont be afraid to change or adjust it. Generally if the strategy meets the target it just kept. Maintaining the ultimate target is essentially preferable but it is more likely that some action will be needed to comprise a deviation from the target setting. Finally changing is established if it sets too high or too low beyond the reaching goal. Among the strategies these strategies are evaluated to be the effective way to communicate from top line managers to prole level employees areEffective team leadershipKeep the lines of communication open i.e. integrated infrastructure information structureShort mission statement.CentralizationDecentralizationControlling the operating process may be effectiveDepending on the situation both decentralization and centralization are effective way of communication.An effective way to use information technology opportunities is through a systematic synopsis of a companys value drawstring the series of interdependent activities that bring a product or service to the customer. IT helping to make sure that technology is not just being pursued for the sake of more technology, but that its also moving the company forward. In F rito Lay corporate strategy both departments and work groups are interdependent. They depend each other for information and resources to perform their respective activities. The greater the degree of interdependence between the departments, the more the coordination among themselves (Griffin, 2003). Besides having these things there is some distinct criteria in which information about plan cannot be relayed apace to the staffs as relayed to the executive staffs. As executives are the most important individual in the company and they have to take decision instantly thy pick up the information.With the information technology executives now take any market and know more about what is going on in the snack form there than the regional competitor who only operates in that market.That is indicating that their information availability is not same.The real benefit of information systems is the energy it brings across the total company.Information system developments allow for the cent ralizing of data, in turn allowing managers of regional operations access to this vast database on the other case staffs can not.. Further, it provides the software to use these technologies in a way that is effective in a distributed processing marketing environment. Result is differentHowever, management insurance now focuses on directed decentralization. Hundreds of middle managers have freedom and database knowledge to make tactical decisions on local market initiatives.Framework That use IT Strategy to Support Frito Lays BusinessTechnological changes have accelerated globalisation and have intensified competition and the organizations need to be nimble and agile. Business organizations are aware that information strategy is highly crucial to the success of every business. It is difficult to sustain a business in todays very competitive and innovative world minus a framework for information strategy, which is the organizations integrated plan for processing, delivery, and prese ntation of information. Hence regardless of the size and nature of businesses, companies invest on IT infrastructure for real-time communication, automation of systems, and other applications. However some organizations fail to optimize the availability and functionality of information technology in managing and delivering information relative to achieving business goals. Business framework for information strategy must always aim to provide consistency, transparency, and quality in business processes that will support success strategy employed by an organization. With a defined framework and integration of business processes and information strategy helps company sustains competitive advantage.A frame work that will help support IT ultimately Frito Lay business should includeManagement Information System (MIS) under whichimprove customer service and communicate with customers and suppliers more effectivelycut your costs and streamline business operationsincrease staffproductivityr espond to change more quicklyimprove the way to manage, share and use knowledge in business andbusiness analysisNow, this frame work will support IT and can be applied to Frito Lay business achieve business objectives. However, it is necessary to take place to develop vernal information technologies in order to maintain these advantages and develop peeled ones. Not only are tender ideas on technologies rising, new ideas on how to use these technologies are also apparent.It is important to understand how these changes are likely to impact upon the business and, in turn, how IT will support such changes. This will ensure that any IT investment you make now is capable of backing your business and its operations in the longer term.Some RecommendationsOrganizations need to evaluate both their internal and external environment in order to determine a position and market approach. Ideally, an information technology system should be simple for the customer to adopt at the outset, and i t will become tightly intertwined with the customers daily routineTo accomplish both centralization and decentralization along with introducing new technology Frito-Lay has to change its business culture, organization, and infrastructure etc.Also, firms have to increase advertising and promotional expenditures, through using the information technology. It is now important to focus on attention on management information systems to grow business and to take monopoly in the market.Frito Lay business should continue to develop new information technologies in order to maintain these advantages and develop new ones. Not only are new ideas on technologies rising, new ideas on how to use these technologies are also apparent. One area in particular where we feel an upgrade may be necessary is with the DEX system.As Frito-Lay used didnt any training programs or corporate modifications to help implement all their new information technology systems. And also I instal a lot of information (data ) was created, but not analyzed well. The organization and process controls were not structured adequately to handle all the new information. Management processes and employee mind-sets were not altered either.In this case, recommendation that Frito-Lay develop and implement-training programs, including shared out purpose, shared incentive, and top-to-bottom implementation programs.Formulating strategies and plans to address IT should focus on the macro marketing in which Frito Lay business can use more update technology to attract customers.Using information technology for new products and services that help clients respond to rapid changes in the marketplace to gain a competitive advantage through ought the market and can be used as a medium of quick communication. It will help organizations improve the management and delivery of their business while reducing costs.Managers can hunt down a central role in making sure that IT and Business is aligned. It Helps clients unlock the b usiness value of information and use it for competitive advantage to address emerging, industry-specific business opportunities.

Critique Of Jehovah Witnesses Theology Religion Essay

Critique Of cleric picturees Theology Religion EssayThe designate of this report is to give a brief overview of the Jehovahs Witnesses and their mission to disprove the undecomposed deity of deliverer Christ. The Jehovah Witnesses on a lower floor the guidance of the Watchtower Society recollects that they argon the sole earthly representative of divinity. They also believe that the Watchtower is the only fundamental law that can correctly interpret the bible. The Jehovah Witnesses positive views run unrepentant to the views of modern Christianity and therefore in the eyes of m whatsoever, it is considered a cult. This report give show how with distinguish and humility one could shargon the religious doctrine of delivery boy Christ with all members of this organization.THE BEGINNING OF THE JEHOVAH WITNESSESThe Watchtower Society was founded by Charles Taze Russell (1852-1916). He was raised in a Presbyterian family in Pennsylvania and as a young teen he was encouraged t o pursue a rush in Christian ministry. No one really knows how long he was involved in the Presbyterian faith however there were some doctrinal differences that he did not agree with. Russell had a problem with the doctrinal views of preordination and eternal punishment. After leaving the Presbyterian faith Russell became a Congregationalist. While a member of a Congregational church Russell is heavily influenced by an approach Christian Church preacher, Jonas Wendell. Wendell who was a respectable Advent preacher becomes Russells mentor. Wendells family was a part of the Great Disappointment of 1844. This particular group known as the Adventists was looking forward to the return of Christ which3was predicted by William moth miller a popular Baptist preacher. Of course this did not happen. Russell was intrigued with this group so he further immersed himself into the group and they again awaited the return of Christ in 1874 again this prediction did not happened. In 1879 Russell left the Adventists. Sometime after he began publishing his own magazine called Zions Watch Tower and bode of Christs Presence. Russell partd his magazine as a means to spread his doctrinal view which included m any(prenominal) a(prenominal) of the Adventists beliefs, such as rejecting the ternion, eternal punishment, and the immortality of the soul. As if that was not bad enough Russell also proclaimed that Christs invisible nominal head (not Christs physical return) began in 1874 and that the human government would end and paradise would be restored by 1914. It was not until 1931 under the direction of a new drawing card (Joseph Franklin Rutherford) did the Watchtower Society adapt the name The Jehovahs Witnesses. Joseph Franklin Rutherford can be credited with the using of the present day hierarchical, or theocratic, organizational structure.CRITIQUE OF JEHOVAH WITNESSESThe Jehovah Witnesses believe that the Watchtower Society is the one and only true organization any othe r organization is of the devil. The believers must obey the Watchtower as4the articulatio of God. If you believe anything other than what the Society espouses, you are disfellowshipped, and all your former Witness friends cluck and wag their heads because you have been influenced by Satan. thither are many things wrong with the belief system of the Jehovah Witnesses, for one they deny the Trinity. Since the Trinity is not mentioned in the bible there is no basis for the Trinity. believe that the Father, Son and the Holy tactile sensation are one is a pagan doctrine. They believe that Jesus was the first and greatest of creation and they believe Jesus is the incarnation of Michael the Archangel. The Jehovah Witnesses believe that God (Jehovah) and Jesus are two separate gods, with Jesus being an inferior god serving under God who is the only true God. The Jehovah Witnesses believe that the Holy Spirit is nothing more than Gods invisible force. The Jehovah Witnesses deny the exist ence of pitfall and teach that only 144,000 people will go to heaven and they believe that only the Jehovah Witnesses will survive the Battle of Armageddon and the second approach shot of Christ.WITNESSING TO THE JEHOVAH WITNESSESKnown for their fast talking and at times confrontational manor witnessing to a Jehovah Witness can be scare and at times down right frightening. However, Christians are encouraged to use every opportunity to open their eyes to the truth and to share the gospel of Jesus Christ with them. When witnessing to a Jehovah Witness never obstruct that you are the5child of God you must maintain confidence in the situation and not allow the Jehovah Witness to bespeak control. It is very critical that a positive attitude is always maintained. property your cool could make or break the conversation. After all Christians are called to share the good news of the gospel with them so they might be saved from destruction (Jude 3 1 Peter 315-16 Matthew 2819-20).CONCLU SIONSeek the truth Listen to the truth- Teach the truth cognize the truth Abide by the truth- And defend the truth -Unto death. The desire of any Christian should be that everyone accepts Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. There is nothing wrong with having different views however when that view goes against the word of God the job of the Christian is to show that person the error of their ways. This is done with love and humility and with much prayer.

Vienna in the Classical Period

corking of Austria in the Classical PeriodThis essay pull up stakes refreshen the information which justify the question Why was capital of Austria such an primary(prenominal) pagan total in unequivocal bound? First of wholly I will refer to the urban center of capital of Austria in which a great civilization was developed in the past and actually in untainted period. capital of Austria is characterized as the heathenish capital of europium, until today. In 1918 Vienna was designated the capital of Austria which was unmatched of the four countries which were containing the Multi pudding stone of Habsburg. as well classical period refers to the period that began around 1750 and ended in 1830. So this essay will provide the cultural development of ordinal century which took daub in Vienna.During the tardily ordinal century Vienna attracted composers from across Europe. Composers like Mozart, Haydn and van van Beethoven were drawn to the urban center by patron clim b on of Habsburgs who were willing to support the symphony.1 furthermore during the ordinal century, except of the music development, a cultural development in the field of computer graphic designerure and arts occured. The words elegance, grace, symmetry and restrain atomic number 18 the nearly suitable words for the tendencies of the music, of art and the architecture of that period.2Also in classical period a development in athletic field and opera house style was observe. superchargemore on that point is confusion between the words cultural and civilization. Most people believe that, these two words refer to the equal thing, but there is a difference, which will be exempted bellow, to make good sense what is toy with by cultural centre.When we talk about civilization we mean the tradition, the customs, the habits, the intellectual and artistic development of particular farming or urban center. It is a way of creating one state in which lives and activates a socie ty, with education. On the some other(prenominal) hand cultural is the approach monument of development of previous civilisations as historical objects and also the study of them. Cultural means purification and development. It is the intimacy of an object. So that is the difference between civilizations and cultural. When we extension in cultural centre we mean the study of the objects that happened or developed in this particular place and the study of the civilization in this time. So this essay will explain what happened in Vienna in classical period and which beas developed culturally.The Habsburg Empire during the eighteenth century became one of the greatest Dynastic States in Europe and Austria was one of the countries, were consisting the rule of the Habsburg Empire. Since the sixteenth century Vienna had been under the scourge of the Turks but in 1685 Austria achieved to defeat the Turks and drove them back to Hungary.3The territories of the Habsburg Empire were reg ain in eastern and south-central Europe. As David F. Good mentions in his defend Vienna was the geographical nucleus centre of the Empire and so the city famed historical importance.4While Austria was under the Habsburg Crown it was an autonomous state,5and was reigning in most territories of the Empire. afterwards the death of Charles VI Archduke in October in 1740, his daughter female horse Theresa, who was born in Vienna, took the rule.6She was regarded as the greatest of the Habsburgs rules.7When she became empress she was 40 years and led the Austria in a golden era. Maria Theresa stagger the education and she introduced 500 public schools. She helped the industry growth and put set down taxes on the products. Thus she improved the economy. She also reformed the army and the sound system. Maria also contributed in the developed of Classical music as it was the main development in that period. Maria and her 16 children performed operas and dances. In 1762, Maria Theresa pre sented Vienna with the forts performance of Glucks innovation opera Orpheus and Eurydice.8Joseph II, Marias Theresas was the continuer of her activities, from 1780 until 1790. He was another one zealous reformer, who abolished the selfdom and he secularized the religious properties.9It is known that when, the economy of a country is going actually salutary and the only occupation of its habitants it is not the effort of survival, they turn to the development of their civilization. They turn to the development of arts and they are cock-a-hoop importance to education. During the classical period the economy of Austria was going very well and that contributed to be their only concern the cultural development. That make Vienna a cultural centre and wider the capital of Europe. The elements of civilization that were developed in Vienna in classical period were music, the theatre the architecture, and the arts like moving-picture show and grave.In ancient times the music accompanied the people in their activities, which the most of them were religious. But the ideological difference of Renaissance changed the data. During the eighteenth century music gained its own ground and released from the religiosity. In that period composers from all oer the Europe were drawn to Vienna by the patronage of Habsburgs. That period, European music enriched from instruments. Further Vienna could be characterized also as the capital of sombre music because it hosted important representatives of the great European traditional.The famous composers all of the time, who were considered as the three monsters of classical period and contributed with their remarkable musical work, to be the city of Vienna such an important cultural centre were Haydn Mozart and Beethoven. Franz Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrou, in Austria he considered as the father of symphony. Additionally it is necessary to mention that in 1797, Haydn became the composer of the Austrian national anthem Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser. In 1803, the city of Vienna gave to Haydn the large golden Salvator -medal, and during the 1804 became an honour citizen of Vienna. After his dead he took the sympathy of Viennese people and they called for his honour his cemetery as the Haydn Park.10 withal Mozart, the musical genius born in Salzburg, in Austria. His father, Leopold, as a violin t individuallyer, recognized soon, the musical talent of his son. By the age of 5 Mozart started to compose minuets. His fame as a great musician began by the age of 6, when the family invited from the Empress Maria Theresa in Vienna and there he played delicate. and so Mozart started travelling in European countries with high music culture and he was conducting concerts, but he decide to move back to Vienna, because he believed that it was the crush place for him to stay. He lived in Vienna galore(postnominal) creative and flourishing years,11where he became a great concert organizer and a piano virtuoso, a conducto r and an important composer. Also he collected many sonatas, strings quartet and operas which still heard until nowadays.In the same way, Beethoven is classified in the list of most famous composers of classical period. He born in Bonn, in Germany, moved to the note musical centre, Vienna with the ambition to be a great and famous composer as Haydn and Mozart.12The aspiration of Beethoven became true. He appeared in concerts in Vienna as a pianist, since he established as the city pianist. He also composed remarkable sonatas and symphonies. Beethoven became the first successful freelance of Vienna.13The musical sprightliness works of that composers still hearing until nowadays and the visitors of Vienna go to the capital of classical music to enjoy live that great works.The theatre as well noticed a great development in Austria and especially in Vienna, which became the city of religious drama. During the Middle Ages developed three forms of theatre, the Jesuit drama, the commedi a Dell Arte and the Italian Opera. That forms underlie the theatre of eighteenth century and estimate the Vienna one of the most attractive theatrical cultures of Europe. The popular theatre appeared for the first time in 1711, with the contribution of Josef Stranitzky who was an improvisational player and led the Karntnerto arena in Vienna to take over by an Italian company. Stranitzky was directly supported by the populace. But in the second half of eighteenth century the improvisation gradually started to disappear from the theatrical stage. In the late eighteenth century in 1791, appeared one of the greatest theatrical productions, in Vienna.14Additionally, during the eighteenth century, Vienna flourished and became a cosmopolitan centre. The architecture of the city was characterized by bulky building which beautified the skyline. Those buildings do not have the style of archean medieval buildings but many of those Gothic buildings had the style of older foundations. perm it have a look where has its roots the architecture of eighteenth century. During the 1300s the architecture of the churches was based on the Hallenkirche (hall church), which it was German style. The St. Stephans Cathedral, where the famous composer of classical period Haydn performed from his childishness as tenor, has the style of Hallenkirche. In Renaissance other buildings were not make up, because the Turks, who besieged the city periodically from 1529 until the 1680, were allowing only the strength of Viennas fortifications.15Austrias architects started to produce in the golden age of Austria baroque architecture, when the Leopold I, was ruling. Johan Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, (1656-1723) was an architect, who took elements from the Italianate baroque and tried to approximate them to the Viennese style. He was the architect of Maria Theresas Schonbrum Palace and his work characterized by a restrained and monumental style. The palace has the style of rococo which develope d in the early eighteenth century and has similarities with the baroque style. The Schonbrum Palace and the other building of rococo style were gilded stucco with brightly colored frescoes. After Fischer another architect became famous for his design, Johann Lukans von Hildebrand (1668 -1745). The Belvedere Palace of Prince Eugene, designed by Hildebrand with interlocking cubes and a style of slopping mansard roof. So that provides the influence from Fischer von Erlach. Also the Schahwarzenberg Palace in Vienna was designed by Hildebrand.16The Viennese architects in eighteenth century were using the neoclassical architecture styles. They approximated the classical architect of classics and Romans. They used cleaner lines in their designs and squarer. The buildings were bulkier and they had preponderance of columns.Further mental picture and sculpture remarked a development during the eighteenth century. Bernardo Bellotto, who was a pupil of his uncle famous puma Venetian, Canalrtt o, invited from Maria Theresa to make the city flat with clear light, details and accuracy. Bellottos painting can be characterized as social, historical and artistic documents. Martin van Meysten was another one famous painter of eighteenth century. Meysten composed his cavances with clumsiness and they are overburdened. Those cavances are the best of Austrian courts balls and receptions. In 1730, he became the manager of picturesque Arts Academy in Vienna.17Also the sculpture developed during the classical period in Vienna. There were three famous sculptors who stayed in recital for their remarkable works. The first was Georg Raphael Donner, who made the bronzes of the Fountain of Providence in the Neuer commemorate and it has life-size. Also Bathasar Permoser created the equestrian statues, which was located in the courtyard of the Belvedere Palace. Further Balthasar Moll was the third famous sculptor and created the double sarcophagus for Maria Theresa and his maintain Franc es Stephan. Sarcophagus located in the Kapuzinerkirche. Franz Xaver Messerschmidt was a habitant of Vienna and he is famous for his personation bust. Franz made the portrait of famous representatives as Maria Theresa, of her son Joseph II and others.18In addition the economic prosperity in Vienna in eighteenth century fostered the conditions of intellectual Rise. Greeks immigrants contributed in this as they created a Greek colony in Vienna when they left from the Greece to escape from the chaos that prevailed in the country at the long of Turkish rule. The ideas of the enlightenment found in Vienna fertile ground. Before the French revolution scholars clergy like Anthimos Gajis, Neofitos Doukas and Constantinos Koumas made Vienna the most important intellectual centre. In that period gruelling editorial activity at the Greek printings in Vienna was noticed which were printing books of philosophy, of science of mathematics, of geography pedagogical and also medical books.19To dec ide undoubtedly Vienna developed a great civilization in classical period and was characte muster upd from many people as a cultural centre and as the capital of classical music because activated there the most famous composers all of the times. Fairly, we can give to Vienna these characterizations. In this contributed the great Dynastic, the Habsburg Empire, mainly Maria Theresa and his son Joseph II. It is known that Maria Theresa contributed to the rise and aid of the economy of Vienna, which was not very good, because of the wars conductor in classical period. Maria Theresa was an admirable empress who achieved to strengthen the economy of Vienna by touch on the industry. She lowered the taxes and she gave importance on the establishment of schools. The cultural development of each nation is based on the education of the people who live in an organized society.Also it is important to refer to the Greeks immigrants who created a colony in Vienna and by this contributed in the ri se of Viennas economy. Greeks developed a soaked economic activity and they dealt with the commercial and they made Vienna in the eighteenth century a commercial crossroad. Hence, the economy of Vienna was going very well. The civilization found, fertile ground to develop in all aspects and the Vienna became a great intellectual and cultural centre.Finally Vienna, fairly took the style of a cultural centre Because in that city in eighteenth century and especially in classical period, all the aspects of civilization as the music, the architecture, the painting and the sculpture developed. As mentioned before, cultural means the study of an object, the cultivation and the development of a particular place in a particular period. Thus Vienna can be characterised as one of the most important cultural centres in classical period.

What Is Colour And Light Philosophy Essay

What Is illusion And unprovoked Philosophy leavenIt is electric arc, the source of of livelihood it slures and expresses the soul of mankind. in that location is nowhere that glossaryation does non exist we ar constantly under its influence, wether we chi deposeeit or non, and we do non need our affections open to pay back it. The body prosesses distort through and through the centre of attentions, we ofttimes clear up the mistake of imaging that it is only a librate of style. rubric is all close to feelings, and is far, far much than a immaculate opthalmic de twinkle. It is a paradox, in that the scientific definition of work ties al wizard to heat- only we see it in the dark, with our eye closed. We dream in warp, we opticalize in intensity and imagine in colour.Wright.A, (1998). The Beg familiars pass away to falsify Psychology. burnish Affects LTD (London) (pp.12)Physists justify colour in coldly scientific terms vibrations of light, the onl y evident part of the electromagnetic spectrum, occupying a narrow band between microwaves and X-rays. Sir Isaac north demonstrated this when he sh angiotensin converting enzyme a light through a trinity-sided prism, the assorted wavelengths refreacted at different angles, showing light separated into its agent parts i.e the spectrum, or rainbow.Wright.A, (1998). The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.12)All life on earth is determined by the radiation of the sun. A air division of this electromagnetic aught is visible light, which is measu flushed by light waves of definite frequencies speaked a nanometer a nanometer is a billionth of a meter. We perceive visible light in the wavelength section from approximately 380 nanometers, which is alike(p) to the colour violet, to 780 nanometers, which is perceived as rosy-cheeked. This means that light is colour, beca purpose if we pass egg sporting light through a prism and break it down in to the think ofive(prenominal) wavelengths that visible light consists of, we make violet (380-436 nm) high (436-495 nm) fountain (495-566 nm) s locoweeddalmongering (566-589 nm) orange (589-627 nm) and red ink (627-780 nm).Mahnke, Frank H., (1947). modify, environment, and charit suitable response. New York Chichester Wiley, (c1996). (pp6 pp7)For the physicist, red, for example, equals an external stimulant drug of a light wave that has a frequency of 627-780 nanometers. For psychologist, red kick ups sexual carry out that may or may non be associated with a tangible event.Mahnke, Frank H., (1947). tincting material, environment, and human response. New York Chichester Wiley, (c1996). (pp7)Close your eyes momentarily, depression in your mind a ripe tomato. Was the tomato red? in all likelihood so. moreover the input that cuased you to see red was not a light wave between 627-780 nanometers. In other words, no external heading, both generating or refle cting colour, was stimulus cuased you to see the tomato as being red. This testifies to the detail that colour is in the champion it is within us.How we see Colour and put downThe basic hues of the spectrum be as followsHue the attribute of colour which enables an perceiver to classify it as red, drear etc (Collins dictionary)Tint a hue with egg white added tonicity a hue with vividness addedTone a hue with grey addedValue the lightness or darkness of a colour. Light color be high value and dark colours atomic number 18 low valueChroma the presence of colourChromatic vividness the per centumage of colour present excessively acknowl bouncen as saturationMonochromatic containing shades, tones and tints of only one colourAchromatic Containing no colour i,e black, white or pure grey completing color Colours opposite each other on the colour wheelComplementary colours arRed and GreenBlue and Orange xanthous and violetIn colour psychology the grandeur of this becomes clearer when we realize that complemental colours, when put together, present conk out residual, as all the key primaries are then presentRed and ( gruesome + icteric)Blue and (Red + Yellow)Yellow and (Red + Blue)One of the difficulties of works with colour derives from the guidance the human brian is strtuctured. It is divided into cardinal hemispheres, separated by a strong connection cable, called the CORPUS CALLOUSUM. The right hemisphere g overns the left-hand(a) side of the body, and v meth versa. Linear skills, language, rationalising and logic are driven by the left brain, while intuition, non-verbal dialogue art, music, creativity and visual information are processed by the right brain. In order to learn and think colour in full the right side of the brain does closely of the work, but to establish credibility and eliminate it widely one must beat a way of translating the knowledge into predominantly left-brain terms.Wright.A, (1998). The Begi nners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.23)The comment WheelA color rung, based on red, chickenhearted and blue, is handed-down in the field of art. Sir Isaac Newton developed the starting time tirade diagram of colorise in 1666. Since then scientists and artists piddle studied and intentional numerous variations of this concept. Differences of opinion about the validity of one format over another continue to provoke debate. In reality, any color circle or color wheel which presents a logically arranged duration of pure hues has merit.PRIMARY COLORSRed, yellow and blueIn traditional color theory, these are the 3 pigment colorize that push aside not be mixed or formed by any combining of other alter. All other colors are derived from these 3 hues subaltern COLORSGreen, orange and purpleThese are the colors formed by mixing the primary colors.TERTIARY COLORSYellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green and yellowish green.These are the colors formed by mixing a primary and a secondary color. Thats why the hue is a two word name, much(prenominal) as blue-green, red-violet, and yellow-orange.COLOR HARMONYHarmony can be defined as a pleasing arrangement of parts, whether it be music, poetry, color, or even an ice cream sundae.In visual experiences, harmony is roughlything that is pleasing to the eye. It engages the viewer and it creates an inner sense of order, a balance in the visual experience. When something is not harmonious, its both boring or chaotic. At one extreme is a visual experience that is so bland that the viewer is not engaged. The human brain will reject under-stimulating information. At the other extreme is a visual experience that is so overdone, so chaotic that the viewer cant hold up to suppose at it. The human brain rejects what it can not organize, what it can not understand. The visual task requires that we present a logical structure. trick harmony delivers visual interest and a sense of order.Some Formulas for tinct HarmonyThere are many theories for harmony. The following illustrations and descriptions present some basic formulas .A color scheme based on correspondent colorsAnalogous colors are any three colors which are side by side on a 12 part color wheel, such as yellow-green, yellow, and yellow-orange. Usually one of the three colors predominates.A color scheme based on complementary colorsComplementary colors are any two colors which are directly opposite each other, such as red and green and red-purple and yellow-green. In the illustration above, thither are several variations of yellow-green in the leaves and several variations of red-purple in the orchid. These opposing colors create level best contrast and maximum stability.A color scheme based on natureNature provides a everlasting(a) departure point for color harmony. In the illustration above, red yellow and green create a harmonious design, regardless of whether this combination fits in to a technical formula for color harmony.http//www.colormatters.com/colortheory.htmlWhile we often take our perception of colour for granted, it takes a extremely complex visual mechanism to make it manageable. The system is still not fully understood and as yet there exists no virtuoso scientific theory to account for all of it. Richard Gregory observed as recently as 2005 that over 50 theories were put forward by 50 scientists at a meeting on the subject We do know certain basic facts, however, which are the contribute of decades of scientific investigation by physicists, biochemists, psychologists and physiologists. Colour is a subjective admirer ca habituated by light and is not properly a quality inherent in the intention itself.In General terms, Colour does not exist without light, which is a radiant energy that manifests itself in the form of the visible spectrum of sunlight. Without the eye and brain of an observer, these rays do not in themselves constitute colour. A s Sir Issac Newton explained in his Optics (1704) In them there is nothing else than a power to stir up a sensation of this or that colourThe perception of colour is governed by three all crucial(p) factorsthe ghostlike energy distribution of the light (including the conditions under which the colour is perceived)the spectral characteristics of the object, with respect to absorption, reflection and transmission of lightthe activity and sensitivity of the eye and brainIn tangible terms, light is simply the name attached to a narrow band of the energy constantly radiating from the sun. Newton, by placing a glass prism in the path of a lance of sunlight, observed how the beam divided itself into the band of colours he called the spectrum. We know that the colours of the spectrum vary in wavelength (the distance between the crest of one energy wave and the next) and that the visible range of wavelengths extends from about 400 to 750 nanometres (billionth of a meter)Using a second prism, in 1665, Newton had demonstrated that white light is obtained when all the colours of the spectrum are recombined into a single(a) beam. Observers such as Thomas Young (1807) later that white light could be obtained by mixing red, green and blue beams only, and that all other colours could be obtained by mixing these three lights in different proportions. This became the bag of the theory of vision proposed by Young and later developed by Helmholtz (1856) that there are only three kinds of colour receptors in the human eye, corresponding to the dominant wavelengths of red, green and blue, and that all other colours can be sensed by them the sensation of yellow, for example, reachs when both red and green sets of retinal cells are stimulated. This is the celebrated Trichomatic theory of colour vision.Porter. T, Mikellides, B. (2009). Colour for architecture Today. Taylor and Francis Ltd. (oxon). (pp. 13)In a strict sense, objects deplete no intrinsic colour because we on ly see them if they rflect light only light sources are able to emit their own light. We do, however, take into consideration changes in natural and faux illumination during daytime and seasonal cycles and have learnt to compensate for these changes through what pstchologists call colour constancyPorter. T, Mikellides, B. (2009). Colour for Architecture Today. Taylor and Francis Ltd. (oxon). (pp. 15)When we take changing light for granted, we generally consider colour as a property as a property of objects in so far as it is the physical and chemical composition of the objects which determaine how much light they bootlick, reflect or transmit.most of the colours we see around us in our daily lives occur by a process of selective absorption. A red object looks red because it has the property of absorbing or subtracting from the white light it receives everything exept in general for the colour component it refelects.In sunlight a bright red table wil absorb most wavelebngths exce pt for those in the 650 nm region of the spectrum, for example. A white object will reflect roughly the same(p) amounts of all wavelengths which our visual system ingenously mixes together to give a single sensation of white. A black object, on the other hand, will absorb all wavelengths and hence appear blackPorter. T, Mikellides, B. (2009). Colour for Architecture Today. Taylor and Francis Ltd. (oxon). (pp. 13)The eye and brianThe retina posses two sets of sensing cells, the rods and cones. Whereas the cones sense full colour in daylight, the rods steer only at low levels of illumination and are efficaciously colour blind. Hence, no colour appears by lunar month, as there is a threshold of illumination below which colour cannot be seen, though there may there maybe enough light to allow the perception of shape, act and the size of objects. This can be demonstrated if we imagine red garner painted on a black building. The lettering is ellegiable by moonlight but, as night tu rns into day, we are gradually able to read the letters, though the daylight has to increase considerably before the letters are fully perceived as red. Correct colour rendering requires the right balance of light-preferably daylight, which contains the full solar spectrum.Porter. T, Mikellides, B. (2009). Colour for Architecture Today. Taylor and Francis Ltd. (oxon). (pp. 13)We may well experience colour in our dreams and it can even be induced conciosly with our eyes closed by pressing on the eyeball. Colour responses can also be induced from black-and-white patterns, as when viewing Benhams top-a white magnetic disc pattern with irregular black shapes which, when spun fast, elcits sensation of colour.Porter. T, Mikellides, B. (2009). Colour for Architecture Today. Taylor and Francis Ltd. (oxon). (pp. 13)Colour psychologyThe psychology of colours works as follow When light strikes the eye, each wavelength does so slightly different, Red, the longest wavelength, requires, the mo st adjustment to look at it, and therefore appears to be nearer than it is, while green requires no adjustment whatever, and is therefore restful. In the retina, these vibrations of light are converted into galvanic impulses which pass to the brain eventually to the HYPOTHALAMUS , which governs ENDROCINE GLANDS, which in turn produce and concealed our HORMONES. In simple terms each colour (wavelength) focuses on a particular part of the body, EVOKING A PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSE, which in turn produces a psychological reaction.Wright.A, (1998). The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.23)Another difficulty with applying colour psychology has always been that, like everything else in the universe, there are no absolutes, only relative perceptions there is no such thing asa a good colour or bad colour. You may understand exactly which is the hue for a particular proposition, but its all to easy to communicate its negative its negative perceptions. For example, red may be stimulating and evoke or it could come across stressfull and aggressive blue can be perceived as cold and aloof, yellow might be emotionally demanding and green may make you feel physically ill. The key to protect positive perceptions and effective influence of any colour lies in the way it is used.Wright.A, (1998). The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.27) inquiry on the psychological aspects of colour is difficult for the mere reason that human emotions are none to srable and the psychic make up of human beings varies from person to person.1950, Faber BirrenWright.A, (1998). The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.28)Recognizable patterns in the psychic make up of human beings have been identified, and it is not true that they vary totally from person to person more recently , recongizable patterns of colour have also been identified. It is therefore now possible to establish a precise rel ationship between the subject and the stimulus, which enables us to predict specific response, and answer the eternal question why does one variation of a hue have such a different effect from another? Zelnski and Fisher referred to this in their curb colour as recently as 1989Lest we hasten to repent everything in attemps at conduct modification, we should note that physiological colour responses are complex. The precise variation of a hue has a major impact, but one that is rarely address by psychological interrogation.Wright.A, (1998). The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.28)Colour joiningOrange is associated with secondary survival consideration, warmth, shelter, sustenance.Yellow (which eastern philosophy associates with the pancreas) is about emotions, self esteem and creativity.Green Refelects the concept of love, in the universal quite a than the sexual sense being at the centre of the spectrum, it also provides perfect balance.Blue encourages intellectual activity sweet reason and calm, logical thought. colored has similar properties to blue but is deeper and more introverting,Violet takes the mind to a higher level, towards spiritual awarnessWright.A, (1998). The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.24)There are only eleven basic coilour terms in the English language. A computer of colours will show us up to xvi million colours, but we only have names for eleven Black, White, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Purple, Pink, brownish and Grey. Confusingly, we borrow terms from many walks of life from nature, from nutrient and drink and so on to describe colours such as peacock blue, burgundy, peach, cream, tan.Wright.A, (1998). The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.24)Colour is natures own form of pure communication a much more reliable form, a language which every single one of us was born understanding clearly, and we all use every d ay, with varying degrees of conscious awareness, regardless of cultural division and conditioning.In order to start developing this wonderful language, we must first retrograde to basic scientific thinkingWright.A, (1998). The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.25) skill recognizes four psychological primary colours Red, Green, Blue and Yellow.Red and its derivatives relate to the phisycal its often said that it has been proved that sourrounding people with red will kick up blood pressure, but there is little academic record of any experiments confirming this the only one I have effectuate is exposit by Faber Birren, the great twentieth century American colourist, in his book color psychology and color therapy, in which he referes to Robert Gerards thesis for the university of atomic number 20 at Los Angeles. Birren describes experiments where Gereard used Red, Blue and White lights, Transmitted on a diffusing screen. It seems to make sense R ed certainly seems to be physically stimulating. Because it requires such an adjustment in the eye, it appears to be nearer than it is, whicvh is why it is often used when visual impacts is important. The most obvious example of our recognition that red catches the eye is its use the world over for traffic signals. Mqany football teams have red in there colours and thus creates the impression of physical strength, even aggression other of the same coin.Wright.A, (1998). The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.25 26)Blue is the colour ofr the intellect. In the same evidence about fosterage blood pressure with red, so blue is deemed to lower the blood pressure. sure it is a soothing, calming colour, encouraging reflection. Nature uses it lavishly in the riff and sea but this is in a reflective sense, as uncomplete air nor water contains any colour.Wright.A, (1998). The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.26)Ye llow focuses on the emotions. Having learned that the third chakra relates to the pancreas, I could not at first understand the link, but then I realized if we are uneasy, where do we feel it? We have butterflies in our stomach.Green is at the centre of the spectrum and represents perfect balance. It strikes the eye at the point requiring no adjustment, thereby presenting no strain. The pigment which reflects green chlorophyll is vital to life, and when our environment contains plenty of green we are reassured.Wright.A, (1998). The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology. Colour Affects LTD (London) (pp.27)Colour Psychology FOODOf all the colors in the spectrum, blue is an appetite suppressant. Weight loss plans suggest putting your pabulum on a blue plate. Or even better than that, put a blue light in your refrigerator and watch your munchies disappear. Or heres another tip Dye your food blue A little black will make it a replicate whammy.What you see above is a delicacy prepar ed for the annual food society held at the end of the authors color course at the University of Hawaii. Its musubi, consisting of rice, a filling and nori a seaweed wrapper. Traditionally its Nipponese but very best-selling(predicate) in Hawaii in its natural state. In case youre enquire what the pink stuff is, its spam. If you want to create your own dyed food, use only natural food coloring purchased in a food market store. Other coloring agents are toxic.Dramatic results can also be achieved by using a blue light bulb for your dine area.Blue food is a rare occurrence in nature. There are no leafy blue vegetables (blue lettuce?), no blue meats (blueburger, well-done please), and aside from blueberries and a few blue-purple potatoes from remote spots on the globe, blue just doesnt exist in any significant quantity as a natural food color.http//www.colormatters.com/appmatters.htmlA food professional has this to register annotate and the raise of various foods is also closely related. Just the spate of food fires neurons in the hypothalamus. Subjects presented food to eat in the dark inform a critically missing element for enjoying any cuisine the appearance of food. For the sighted, the eyes are the first place that must be win over before a food is even tried. This means that some food harvestings fail in the marketplace not because of bad taste, texture, or spirit but because the consumer never got that far. pretexts are significant and almost universally it is difficult to get a consumer to try a blue-colored food though more are being marketed for children these days. Greens, browns, reds, and several other colors are more generally acceptable, though they can vary by culture. The Japanese are renowned for their elaborate use of food colorings, some that would have difficulty getting approval by the Food and Drug organisation in the United States.Gary Blumenthal International Food Strategieshttp//www.colormatters.com/appmatters.htmlWhy Is Mc Donalds Yellow? The parting Of Environment On Eating BehaviorNovember 4th, 2008 by drval in wellness Tips, True StoriesIm grateful to the Happy Hospitalist for pointing out that color matters when it comes to food consumption. As it turns out, blue light can be an appetite suppressant. And I truly know about this first hand.I helped to design a research study in connection with Architectural Digest and the Parsons School of digit several years ago. I was a volunteer instructor for a hospital design course in NYC, and wanted to show the students that illume could influence eating patterns. As it happened, there was a big blowout event at a local convention center, and so I worked with my friend Shashi Caan to set up three identical manners bathed in three different colored lights (yellow, blue, and red).We had all the gala attendees dress up in white bunny suits (you know, the kind you let patients wear in the OR) and shuttled them through the 3 rooms at regular intervals. The rooms could each hold about 40 guests and copious identical hors doeurves were offered.Guess what we base? The most food was consumed in the yellow room, followed by red, and then a distant third was blue. About 33% fewer snacks were consumed in the blue room during the event (and yes we controlled the number of people in each room so theyd be equal). I found this quite fascinating, but unfortunately never published the results. You see, I didnt receive IRB approval for any of it.But the experiment did leave an indelible impression on my mind. As I thought about it, I realized that most fast food restaurants have yellowish interiors. From the golden arches to the lighting companies like McDonalds probably recognized (long before I did) that color influences get and eating behavior.Yep, Im late to this party and Im not painting my kitchen yellow.http//www.getbetterhealth.com/tag/appetite-suppressantColour Marketing and BrandingColor and Marketing1. Research conducted by the sec retariat of the Seoul International Color Expo 2004 documented the following relationships between color and merchandise92.6 percent said that they put most importance on visual factors when purchasing products. Only 5.6 percent said that the physical feel via the sense of touch was most important. Hearing and smell each drew 0.9 percent.When asked to approximate the importance of color when buying products, 84.7 percent of the total respondents think that color accounts for more than half among the various factors important for choosing products. root2. Research reveals people make a subconscious judgment about a person, environment, or product within 90 seconds of initial viewing and that between 62% and 90% of that assessment is based on color alone.Source CCICOLOR Institute for Color Research3. Research by the Henley Centre suggests 73% of purchasing decisions are now made in-store. Consequently, catching the shoppers eye and conveying information effectively are critical to successful sales.Color and Brand Identity1. Color increases stain recognition by up to 80 percentUniversity of Loyola, mendelevium study2. HeinzColor influences brand identity in a classification of ways. Consider the phenomenal success Heinz EZ Squirt Blastin Green ketchup has had in the marketplace. More than 10 million bottles were sold in the first septenary months following its introduction, with Heinz factories working 24 hours a day, seven days a week to keep up with demand. The result $23 million in sales attributable to Heinz green ketchup the highest sales increase in the brands history. All because of a simple color change.3. apple ComputerApple brought color into a marketplace where color had not been seen before. By introducing the vibrant iMacs, Apple was the first to say, It doesnt have to be beige. The iMacs reinvigorated a brand that had suffered $1.8 billion of losses in two years. (And now we have the vivid iPods.)Color Increases MemoryIf a picture is expen diture a thou words, a picture with natural colors may be worth a million, memory-wise. Psychologists have documented that living color does more than appeal to the senses. It also boosts memory for scenes in the natural world.By hanging an particular tag of data on visual scenes, color helps us to process and store images more efficiently than colorless (black and white) scenes, and as a result to remember them better, too.Source The findings were reported in the May 2002 issue of the daybook of experimental Psychology Learning, Memory and Cognition, published by the American mental Association (APA)http//www.colormatters.com/market_whycolor.htmlThe Contributions of Color to Recognition Memory for Natural Scenes, Felix A. Wichmann, Max-Planck Institut fr Biologische Kybernetik and Oxford University Lindsay T. Sharpe, Universitt Tbingen and University of Newcastle and Karl R. Gegenfurtner, Max-Plank Institut fr Biologische Kybernetik and Justus-Liebig-Universitt Giessen Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning, Memory and Cognition, Vol 28. No.3., 5-May-2002Color Engages and Increases participationAds in color are read up to 42% more often than the same ads in black and white (as shown in study on phone directory ads).Source White, Jan V., Color for Impact, Strathmoor Press, April, 1997Color InformsColor can improve readership by 40 percent 1, learning from 55 to 78 percent 2, and comprehension by 73 percent 3.(1)Business Papers in Color. Just a Shade Better, Modern Office Technology, July 1989, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 98-102(2) Embry, David, The Persuasive Properties of Color, Marketing Communications, October 1984.(3) Johnson, Virginia, The Power of Color, winning Meetings, June 1992, Vol 41, No. 7, pp. 87, 90.Color Attracts AttentionFrequently Cited FactsTests indicate that a black and white image may sustain interest for less than two-thirds a second, whereas a colored image may hold the attention for two seconds or more. (A product has one-twentieth of a second to halt the customers attention on a shelf or display.)People cannot process every object within view at one time. Therefore, color can be used as a tool to emphasize or modify areas.A Midwestern insurance company used color to sidle up key information on their invoices. As a result, they began receiving customer payments an ordinary of 14 days earlier.Other Research92% Believe color presents an image of impressive quality90% Feel color can assist in attracting new customers90% Believe customers remember presentations and documents better when color is used83% Believe color makes them appear more successful81% Think color gives them a competitive edge76% Believe that the use of color makes their business appear large to clientsSource Conducted by Xerox Corporation and International Communications Research from February 19, 2003 to March 7, 2003, margin of error of +/- 3.1%.http//www.colormatters.com/market_whycolor.htmlColor and the SensesGeneral facts about arrest ing input and human beingsAlthough the olfactory sense was a human beings most important source of input in the pre-historic era, sight became our most important means of survival. Furthermore, as hunters and gatherers in the early days of our evolution, we experienced a kind of colors and forms in the landscape. This has become part of our genetic code.In our current state of evolution, vision is the primary source for all our experiences. (Current marketing research has reported that approximately 80% of what we assimilate through the senses, is visual.)Our nervous system requires input and stimulation. (Consider the effects of solitary confinement in jails.) With respect to visual input, we become bored in the absence of a variety of colors and shapes. Consequently, color addresses one of our basic neurological needs for stimulation.Color and Visual ExperiencesIt is probably the expressive qualities (primarily of color but also of shape) that impromptu affect the passively rece iving mind, whereas the tectonic structure of pattern (characteristic of shape, but found also in color) engages the actively organizing mi

Representation Of Women In Music Cultural Studies Essay

Representation Of Women In Music heathen Studies EssayIn 1969 when asked why there werent each other strong women in the music industry, Janis Joplin said its not feminine, maybe, to re every last(predicate)y get into music, kind of of float around on the top like most chick singers do. Maybe that is why right away, in the 10s there is a lack of intriguing pistillate artists who truly break d cause boundaries. The contemporary music industry offers very few independent, strong pistillate parting models who do more(prenominal) than simply sell sex to make people buy records.This investigation will focus on the representation of women in music, specifically in ruffian and underground music, from their breakthrough in the 70s to their lack of representation today in the 10s. The primary case studies will be various effeminate punk bands from the 70s to the 90s such as Xray Spex and Siouxsie and The Banshees, with Beth repeat as my contemporary focus. I will analyse music picture shows and song spoken communications, as well as their physical representations. I will examine theorists such as Ger chief(prenominal)e Greer, Naomi animate world and Laura Mulvey to assess how their work can be applied.As second-wave womens lib took break in the 60s, music turned into a political manifesto for womens liberationists, as effeminate singer-songwriters began to campaign for womens rights. Their music often dismantled myths held about women, and enabled women to incarnate their own self- do identity as opposed to that which community and agriculture allocated for them. Janis Joplin was largely unconcerned with the womens liberationist movement, but proceeded to represent a feminist symbol for women in a virile dominated rock culture, influencing generations of female musicians to come.Women were of significant importance to the punk culture of the late 1970s get down in mod York with performers like Patti Smith and Debbie elicit, punk rock give around the world and women in punk music became more gross. As punk music gave them an outlet for their edgy, political, anti-establishment lyrics, and non-adjustist, unconventional female personas, it became perfect for feminist musicians to have their comp cardinalnts heard.Women in punk music had to be strong to have a bun in the oven over against their male contemporaries. By the late 70s, punks peak in London, female-dominated bands like Siouxsie and The Banshees, The Slits and roentgenogram Spex were playing on the same bills as all-male bands like The Clash and the switch on Pistols. These bands gained public recognition not only because of their revolutionary music, but withal by challenging expectations of femininity.Widely considered the most influential woman in punk rock ever to walk the Earth Siouxsie Sioux said in 1974 I dont carry anything for any females, and I hate creation called the scoop female singer cause I think Im better than any male singer as well . These bands didnt want to be classed as a separate category from male musicians they just want to be classed as musicians. Siouxsie Sioux said it was a powerful time for women. Girls were finally picking up instruments and not just being a puppet held up by a man with strings in the background.Laura Mulvey is a feminist media novice who is best know for her seminal essay entitled Visual enjoyment and narrative cinema (Sight Sound 1975). In it she sites the media as o lance for male oppression and that women atomic number 18 seen merely as objects for male gratification. The camera, she argues, sees from the mannish gaze. Mulveys surmisal as well as states that the media satisfies and reinforces the masculine ego and represses the desire of women.The Siouxsie and The Banshees video halcyon House, goes against Laura Mulveys theory that images of women be displayed as sexual objects. In the first archeological site of this video Siouxsie looks fiercely into the camera, her look make up is dark and she has saucy red lips her signature look. She looks androgynous as she is wearing an oversized soft touch outfit with short spiky black hair. No skin is visible except for her face and hands. The camera follows Siouxsie around, demonstrate she is controlling the video, contradicting this quote from Laura Mulvey in their traditional exhibitionist role women ar simultaneously looked at and displayed. As the camera follows her, it is not in a voyeuristic way, she is simply the main focus of the video, and the camera angle remains level with her face throughout the video, showing she is dominant and confident. Despite being the only female seen, she appears more confident than the male members of the band, overshadowing them by controlling the video. Siouxsie is also shown playing instruments, displaying her as equal to the male musicians. This opposes Mulveys idea that men always dominate. Also, she continuously looks crisply at the camera, conveying sh e feels superior to the audience. Nothing in this video suggests Siouxsie is being portrayed as a sex symbol, in fact rather the opposite.Many of these women did not seem to care about being sexually alluring, this contrasts with Germaine Greers theory of there being a dominant image of femininity which rules our culture and to which all women aspire. It also disagrees with Naomi Wolfs argument that women in Western refining are damaged by the pressure to conform to an idealized conception of female beauty. On The Slits first album conceal they are picture topless, covered in mud, look dishevelled, not appearing to have made any effort at all to look good. Despite being topless, this cover is not shot through the male gaze as the women appear dominant and in control as opposed to passive. The women of these bands took their accurate personalities onstage, often involving wearing clothing that reflected their thoughts and attitudes.Siouxsie Sioux frequently performed wearing b lack leather and rubber bondage attire, as well as heavy eye make-up, making overt statements about her sexuality. When asked about her appearance, Siouxsie said image represents in a way, a kind of rejection of a stereotype, a blonde, dumb prettiness that was sought after by most singers, especially female, conveying that she dresses for her own pleasure and not others. Ari Up of The Slits, constructed an image that played on conventions of female sexuality by always sporting long dreadlocks, never exploitation make-up and often wearing underwear over her clothes.In New York, Patti Smith and Debbie Harry of Blondie expressed two very different takes on punk femininity Smith was a cross-dressing, androgynous woman, comfortable with blurring her gender, and Harry was a bleached-blonde former playboy bunny, still playing on the unimaginative conventions of female singers.Poly Styrene of X-Ray Spex was a geeky teenr, overweight, and with large metal braces, known for wearing bright abrasive clashing colours onstage. Xray Spex dealt with various issues on their album Germfree Adolescents such as the environment and living in a consumer society where you have to live up to the expectations driven by advertising and consumerism. Even lead singer Poly Styrenes name reflected the fake and plasticness of the society they were living in. The song Plastic Bag reinforces her view as she sings my approximation is like a plastic bag that corresponds to all those ads it sucks up all the rubbish. Art-I-Ficial contains the lyric I know Im artificial but dont put the fiendish on me, I was reared with appliances in a consumer society. When I put on my make-up the pretty little mask not me thats the way a girl should be, this conveys Pollys feminist views and her opposition of societys expectations of women.This theme can also been seen in Xray Spexs most widely known song Oh Bondage Up Yours where Polly begins by saying softly in a childlike voice about people think littl e girls should be seen and not heard, but I think before exploding with a screech of Oh bondage, up yours, turning the girly voice into something more distasteful. This song is about the aversion at being ever scrutinized by mainstream society.After a lack of female punk bands in the 80s, splurge grrrl exploded in the early 90s. It originated from the punk movement, initiated by nonconforming female bands who aimed to stomp out sexism and inequality in receipt and unquestionable into an underground feminist movement in the early 1990s. It is often associated with third-wave feminism and it is sometimes seen as its starting point as a response to the backlash against initiatives and movements created by second-wave feminism. The subculture gave women a place to exist out of the system. Riot grrrl was about 90s women making a stand, screeching against authority and exploring what they wanted a woman to represent.Todays music charts seem only to reflect generated pop-rock, especia lly where females are concerned. The only mainstream female band with political views and strong female role models, who want more than to just be sex symbols currently are Gossip. Competing with artists marketed through the male gaze, its no wonder Gossips Beth Ditto is deemed controversial in todays music sentiment. Whether its because shes openly gay, a non-shaving punk, or morbidly obese, mainstream society sees her as an outsider.30 age ago, it wouldve been typical in the underground music scene to see individuals like this. Beth Ditto is said to be a rooter of Riot Grrrl and states Xray Spex as her biggest influence. Gossips lyrics are often about society and feminist issues, disguised with a mainstream catchy electro-beat. Even Gossips most widely accepted song, Standing in the Way of Control is extremely political as it is attacking George W. Bush in response to same-sex marriage being taboo in some states of the USA, the resistance can be seen in the lyric were standin g in the way of control, we will live our lives.Her unwillingness to conform to societys expectations is clearly visible on the NME issue on which she appears unshaven and sensitive on the front cover. The image shows Beth with her hand on her bottom which has a kiss mark on it and another hand covering her breast. She is looking at the camera, not in the conventional, seductive way female singers are usually photographed, but instead almost snarling as if she doesnt care what anyone thinks of her. The advertise reads Kiss my ass, once again reinforcing her reluctance to conform. This image shocked the teenage audience of the magazine and sparked controversy as it is an image that mainstream society is seldom subjected to. It was also nominated to be crowned the best magazine cover of all time. This image doesnt represent the usual ideology of women and this is why Germaine Greer has praised Ditto on appearing like this on the cover of a mainstream magazine, and also NME for allow ing her to do so. Greer speaks highly of Beth stating her intention is to force acceptance of her body type, 5ft in height(predicate) and 15 stone, and by this strategy to challenge the conventional imagery of women. Laura Mulveys theory of feminism can be seen here Beth Ditto is the dominant female who refuses to be passive to the male viewer.Gossips video Listen Up, follows two transvestites, one male and one female and depicts what it means to be masculine and feminine. This is an selection theme for a music video and so once again Ditto challenges mainstream society. However, in this video, Ditto herself is not shown in her usual contumacious way, but instead appears to be typical of a music video, showing that everyone needs to conform to sell records.My research has established that despite years of feminism and social movement, women are still objectified as sex symbols in the music industry.For my linked production I will be producing a music video in the style of 1970s f emale punk bands to the song Oh Bondage, Up Yours by X-ray Spex. The target audience for the video will be predominately female teenagers who feel their views and values arent represented in mainstream music. The video will not sexualise women and it will reject the male gaze.Word Count 2002

The Chemistry of Drugs :: Addictions Marijuana Health Science Essays

The Chemistry of Drugs Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol is the primary psychoactive constituent of Cannibis sativa, and is bound to two cannabinoid receptors CB1 receptors, located principally in the headland, and CB2 receptors, located primarily in the periphery (Wiley & Martin 2002). A cannabinoid is delimitate as a substance that has pharmacological properties that resemble those of delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol i.e. a drug that binds to CB1 and /or CB2 receptors in vitro and produces a profile of in vivo effects in the tetrad model (Wiley 2002). THC inhibits the function of the enzyme adenylate cyclase which is knobbed in the transmission of pain messages. While there are everyplace 60 cannibinoids identified in the plant Cannabis sativa, Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol is the primary mood altering psychoactive agent in hemp. marihuana effects acetylcholine synthesis and turnover in the limbic region of the wittiness and in the cerebellum. (Harwood 2005) Eldreth, Matochik Cadet, and Bolla (2004) used PET 15 and a modified transformation of the Stroop task to determine if 25 day abstinent heavy marijuana users experienced persistent deficits in executive cognitive functioning and encephalon activity. The performance on a modified version of the Stroop task and brain activity was compared between 25 day abstinent, heavy users, and a matched likeness gathering. The 25 day abstinent users showed no deficits in performance on the modified version of the Stroop task when compared to the comparison group. They also found that disrespect the lack of performance differences, the anterior cingulated cortex and the left squint prefrontal cortex had hyperactivity in the hippocampus bilaterally, when compared to the comparison group. The results suggested that users display persistent metabolous alterations in brain regions responsible for executive cognitive functioning. (Eldreth, Matochik, Cadet, & Bolla 2004). When performing the stoep task, marijuana users were found to have greater activation compared to the comparison group in the left and right hippocampus. Marijuana users also failed to activate to the analogous extent as the comparison group in the left lateral prefrontal cortex and the left perigenual anterior cingulated cortex. According to Gardner (2002) drugs that are addictive to humans are similar to animal model systems in five-spot ways. First, drugs enhance electrical brain stimulation reward in the essence meso-accumbens reward circuitry of the brain, a circuit encompassing that portion of the medial prosencephalon bundle which links the ventral tegmental area of the mesencephalic midbrain

Comparing Father and Child Relationships in Death of a Salesman and A V

Father and Child Relationships in Death of a Salesman and A thought from the nosepiece In literature as in life, we go through even upts which are the effects of the relationships surrounded by parent and child. In both plays Death of a Salesman and A View from the Bridge, Arthur Miller depicts the possessiveness of human nature through the eyes of Willy Loman and Eddie Carbone. Willy and his son pummel exhibit an undoubtable strain in their relationship. Willy gives all his dreams to thrust in foretaste that he will carry on or create winner for himself. Eddie wants the best for his niece, Catherine, but is unaware of his over protectiveness which in actuality is an element frequently more repelling. The relationships between mother and child characters place tension upon everyone and in the end is a factor in the protagonists common tragedy. In Death of a Salesman, although Biff and Happy are both sons of Willy Loman, there is a watertight emphasis on Biff only. Willy places all his hopes on Biff and even overestimates him. Because you got greatness in you, Biff, remember that. You got all kinds of greatness...like a young god. Hercules...God Almighty, hell be great yet. A star like that, magnificent, can never in reality fade away(Miller, DOS 68) Willy views Biff as a reverberate image of himself when he was young, successful and well-liked. He wants Biff to be what he was and what he never became. Willy has overwhelming pride in Biff and expectations that cannot be fulfilled. These feelings exhibited by Willy is purely due to human nature. It is the desire of all father to have a son who emulates their successful aspects and to carry these traits into the preceding generations. However, Biff knows that h... ...Bridge Arthur Miller. London and Basingstoke The Macmillan Press Ltd. 1982 Hayman, Ronald. Interview with Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman, A View from the Bridge Arthur Miller. stark naked York Frederic k Ungar Publishing Co. 1972 Lenne, Bruno. ed. Readings on Arthur Miller. San Diego Greenhaven Press, Inc. 1997 Moss, Leonard. Arthur Miller. Boston G.K. lobby &Co. 1980 Miller, Arthur. A View From the Bridge. New York Viking Penguin Inc. 1977 Miller, Arthur. Death of A Salesman. New York Viking Pengui Inc. 1976 Nourse, Joan T. definition on Death of a Salesman Death of a Salesman and All My Sons. New York Monarch Press 1965 Welland, Dennis. Death of a Salesman, A View from the Bridge Miller The Playwright. Second ed. London Methuen London Ltd. 1983

Descriptive Essay - The Old Root Cellar -- Descriptive Essay, Descripti

The Old Root Cellar Our spend trips to Colorado seemed to take forever. I was an eager quad year ancient child who couldnt wait to get to my private hind end. Every child has a special place it might be a fort make out of sheets and couple of chairs, or maybe its an easy chair that serves as a stage coach or a fighter plane. perhaps its a bed that becomes a ship protecting you from sharks. My special place was at my grandp atomic number 18nts farm. My childhood was worn out(p) on military bases or in suburban neighborhoods. There were great places to play, but no place could flout the old cool off cellar on my grandparents farm, known as the riddle place. I re bothy dont know who named it the secret place because it the place, it was what I did thither that was secret. The place wasnt secret what I did there was secret. I am the thirteenth grandchild and I am sure that many of my cousins spent hours playing there. In fact my mom spent a few hours there as a child. To me i n my four year olds object, it was all mine and no one else knew about the wonders it held. The root cellar is about ascorbic acid feet away from my grandparents house with a tomb like entrance. It was built on November 24,1937. I know this interesting fact because it is written in cementum above two heavy wooden doors that open from the center out. I would open the doors and find a short stair case that lead me to another mountain of doors. I opened up the second set of doors and I was inside the root cellar. The root cellar is made all of cement and has an oval shaped ceiling. Along the walls of the root cellar are wooden shelves that have sections for everything from cans of dried up paint to canned cherries with four inches of dust on them. There are old vases, broken tools and pictur... ...nts house. She spent many hours with me making cookies and teaming up on my brother. I told her all my secrets and dreams. When I had to go back home, she would always write me permitt ers. They were actually written by my grandpa. My mom tried to read them to me, but I wouldnt let her. However, I didnt know how to read, so I finally had to give in and let her read them to me. I spent many memorable summers at my secret place. I will cherish those times and memories forever. Even though the root cellar was only a huge mound of dirt with a wood pile and a tree, to me, it was whatever I wanted it to be for that moment in time. It could be a bakery, a battle theme or a castle. Having an imagination then, has helped me now to have an open mind to see things from other peoples point of view and to be able to speak up the possibilities in any real life situation. .

Namely Mirambo the African Ruler Essay -- essays research papers

Namely Mirambo, was born in Uyowa in easterly and Central Africa in between 1870 and 1880, the son of the Mtemi clan an ordinary some atomic number 53 but later his prognosticate was riddle e actuallywhere shore of Lake capital of Seychelles and Lake Tanganyika. His father was Kasanda, son of Mtula and Mtula was son of Mgandu and Mgandu was son of Mlolwa. Mirambo was situated to build a large army to capture more countries and spread his authority wider, his get a line called Mbula. The name Mirambo had not provided been given to him. Mirambo was very tall, he was chocolate-brown and stooped slightly, he is one of the most free Africans. His body appears to be composed entirely of muscle, brownish, his height is above average. He is no stinkpot or drunk. Firstly he attacked Bunzali, he was yet in go through in war. He call a powerful man called Mwana Magonho to thatched roof Mbula the prowess of war. Mbula demonstrated his skill by violent death many people. When the flop man saw this he was surprised and he gave the name Mirambo to him. From that mean solar day Mbula was known by the name of Mirambo and his people began to be called Warambo.Mirambo,s soldiers were given the name of ruga-ruga. The ruga-ruga,s weapons were guns and pistols. All these weapon came from the eastern coast. Mirambo employ to forward rich bargainer to go with elephant tusks and exchange them for guns and powder. The Arab of the eastern coast used to barter guns and pulverization for ivory.When Mirambo went with his army to sack a settlement, he approached carefully, when he was near he gave the order to the rugaruga to attack. Mirambo himself with his guards threw themselves into the battle. Men were killed, women were taken prisoner and move to Urambo to be wed off. Young men were taken and devided into groups, that is to learn the art o... ...lness of the throat which he had had for long time. When he saw that his illness was acquire worse he sent people to call go Lourdel to run him medicine. But when the Father arrived he found Mirambo already deceased in his camp since the introductory day. A Protestant missionary called Charles Stokes mentions the illness and rase the actual assignment of Mirambo,s dead. At the time Stokes was working for the Church Missionary Society.Mirambo dead on Tuesday, the 2nd of December 1884 of acute laryngitis. He dead at the enthrone of the war in which he was engaged in reducing one of his chiefs who had rebelled for some years. Mirambo died when he was between the age of 44 and 54 or in his prime.Although Mirambo had built up an empire between the great lakes capital of Seychelles and Tanganyika he had no time to establish his rule. He died before he had time to set up a indestructible empire. Namely Mirambo the African Ruler Essay -- essays research papersNamely Mirambo, was born in Uyowa in East and Central Africa in between 1870 and 1880, the son of the Mtemi clan an ordi nary person but later his name was spread over shore of Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika. His father was Kasanda, son of Mtula and Mtula was son of Mgandu and Mgandu was son of Mlolwa. Mirambo was determined to build a large army to capture more countries and spread his authority wider, his name called Mbula. The name Mirambo had not yet been given to him. Mirambo was very tall, he was brown and stooped slightly, he is one of the most handsome Africans. His body appears to be composed entirely of muscle, brownish, his height is above average. He is no smoke or drunk. Firstly he attacked Bunzali, he was yet in experienced in war. He call a mighty man called Mwana Magonho to teach Mbula the art of war. Mbula demonstrated his skill by killing many people. When the mighty man saw this he was surprised and he gave the name Mirambo to him. From that day Mbula was known by the name of Mirambo and his people began to be called Warambo.Mirambo,s soldiers were given the name of ruga-ruga. Th e ruga-ruga,s weapons were guns and pistols. All these weapon came from the eastern coast. Mirambo used to send rich trader to go with elephant tusks and exchange them for guns and powder. The Arab of the eastern coast used to barter guns and gunpowder for ivory.When Mirambo went with his army to sack a settlement, he approached carefully, when he was near he gave the order to the rugaruga to attack. Mirambo himself with his guards threw themselves into the battle. Men were killed, women were taken prisoner and sent to Urambo to be married off. Young men were taken and devided into groups, that is to learn the art o... ...lness of the throat which he had had for long time. When he saw that his illness was getting worse he sent people to call Father Lourdel to bring him medicine. But when the Father arrived he found Mirambo already dead in his camp since the previous day. A Protestant Missionary called Charles Stokes mentions the illness and even the actual date of Mirambo,s dead. At the time Stokes was working for the Church Missionary Society.Mirambo dead on Tuesday, the 2nd of December 1884 of acute laryngitis. He dead at the seat of the war in which he was engaged in reducing one of his chiefs who had rebelled for some years. Mirambo died when he was between the age of 44 and 54 or in his prime.Although Mirambo had built up an empire between the great lakes Victoria and Tanganyika he had no time to establish his rule. He died before he had time to set up a lasting empire.

Saudi Arabia: History of Relationship to US :: essays research papers fc

Although the unify Sates and Saudi-Arabian Arabia present the unite States and Saudi Arabias relationship as excellent, there are actually cardinal nations who have bitter disagreements solely who allies through oil. The only affaire that has held this alliance together is the US dependence on Saudi oil. The United States has felt and still fells that it is a necessity to have bases present in the Middle East to protect oil, and silently to protect Israel. The relationship began in 1933 when Standard Oil of California signed an agreement with the Saudi government. In 1943 FDR affirmed that the defense of Saudi Arabia was a vital interest to the United States and moved phalanx personnel into the region. Future presidents would emulate this declaration and mobilization of troops to Saudi Arabia. Again in 1945 Abd al Aziz, the Saudi king, and FDR would cement this alliance, on a US warship in the Suez Canal. Soon afterwards, airfields were constructed at Dhahran and separate s pots over Saudi Arabia beginning a long custom of US military facilities in Saudi Arabia. Abd al Aziz was the first of his guide of successors to meet with US presidents. The relationship was only strengthened with the onset on the Cold war, as the US used the bases in Saudi Arabia as potential air force launch sites to the USSR and constructed more military facilities. In 1941 Harry S. Truman made another assertion of Americas protection and alliance with Saudi Arabia to Abd Al Aziz. Truman stated that support for Saudi Arabias territorial single and political independence was a primary objective of the United States. (Countrystudies.com) another(prenominal) stipulation of this pact was that the US established a permanent military training mission in the Saudi Arabia. That mission lasted until 1992. Soon after the pact between Truman and Aziz was agreed upon the US-Saudi relationship would endure its first study disagreement. On May 14th, 1948 Israel was declared an independent state in the fountain Arab dominated Palestine. Israels independence was backed the United States. Saudi Arabia refused to own the country of Israel and to engage in any relations with them. The Saudis concerns of the Israel-US relationship were beef up in the 1970s and 1980s when the US sold arms to Israel, but refused to sell arms to Saudi Arabia. In some cases congressional leading refused to sell arms to Saudi Arabia on the grounds that Saudi Arabia superpower use them against Israel.

Comparing Heroism in Red Badge of Courage, Journeys End, and Regeneration :: comparison compare contrast essays

Heroism in Red Badge of Courage, Journeys discontinue, and variation The idea of fortitude is constantly evolving with time. The traditional idea of heroism, is derived from ancient Grecian influences such as the two major epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey. The mythological get in of heroism is endowed with great strength and ability, and of divine descent. He brings pureness and acclaim, and is admired for his courage. This is the Homeric pattern that The Red Badge of Courage and Journeys End approaches. There is the predominant emphasis on the physical, courage and masculinity, in the ideal of a heroic person in these two texts. However heroism redefined in the modern context has extended its definition beyond the understandably physical terms with the obvious absence of the intellect and morals, and is exemplified by Sassoon in Regeneration. According to the Britannica-Webster dictionary, heroism refers to great self-sacrificing courage, that is, greatne ss of heart in facing danger or difficulties. The modern definition of heroism, though it stiff to be purely subjective, has evolved to mean (as I would define it) an unyielding and inflexible commitment to ones purpose and morality even in the face of antagonism, qualities of which ordain command admiration. It is this very idea of heroism that is the motivational force layabout many young ambitious men to join the war. This desire to active up to the Homeric ideal feeds on pride and vanity of youths and is intelligibly demonstrated by Henry Fleming in The Red Badge of Courage. His overdraw and romantic notions of honour - tales of great movements shook the land...there seemed to be much ring in them - drives him to the decision to join the war. However, his misguided fantasies of which in visions he had seen himself in many struggles...imagined people secure in the shadow of his eagle-eyed valor, proves to be terribly wrong in a matter of altogether a few days. In no time, he found himself to be part of a vast blue demonstration. Crane tries to sprinkle the link between heroism and actual real-life warfare by speech Henry, an ignorant youth immersed in idealized notions of glory fame and honour, to a clearer and much sombre view of the world and himself.