Vienna in the Classical Period

corking of Austria in the Classical PeriodThis essay pull up stakes refreshen the information which justify the question Why was capital of Austria such an primary(prenominal) pagan total in unequivocal bound? First of wholly I will refer to the urban center of capital of Austria in which a great civilization was developed in the past and actually in untainted period. capital of Austria is characterized as the heathenish capital of europium, until today. In 1918 Vienna was designated the capital of Austria which was unmatched of the four countries which were containing the Multi pudding stone of Habsburg. as well classical period refers to the period that began around 1750 and ended in 1830. So this essay will provide the cultural development of ordinal century which took daub in Vienna.During the tardily ordinal century Vienna attracted composers from across Europe. Composers like Mozart, Haydn and van van Beethoven were drawn to the urban center by patron clim b on of Habsburgs who were willing to support the symphony.1 furthermore during the ordinal century, except of the music development, a cultural development in the field of computer graphic designerure and arts occured. The words elegance, grace, symmetry and restrain atomic number 18 the nearly suitable words for the tendencies of the music, of art and the architecture of that period.2Also in classical period a development in athletic field and opera house style was observe. superchargemore on that point is confusion between the words cultural and civilization. Most people believe that, these two words refer to the equal thing, but there is a difference, which will be exempted bellow, to make good sense what is toy with by cultural centre.When we talk about civilization we mean the tradition, the customs, the habits, the intellectual and artistic development of particular farming or urban center. It is a way of creating one state in which lives and activates a socie ty, with education. On the some other(prenominal) hand cultural is the approach monument of development of previous civilisations as historical objects and also the study of them. Cultural means purification and development. It is the intimacy of an object. So that is the difference between civilizations and cultural. When we extension in cultural centre we mean the study of the objects that happened or developed in this particular place and the study of the civilization in this time. So this essay will explain what happened in Vienna in classical period and which beas developed culturally.The Habsburg Empire during the eighteenth century became one of the greatest Dynastic States in Europe and Austria was one of the countries, were consisting the rule of the Habsburg Empire. Since the sixteenth century Vienna had been under the scourge of the Turks but in 1685 Austria achieved to defeat the Turks and drove them back to Hungary.3The territories of the Habsburg Empire were reg ain in eastern and south-central Europe. As David F. Good mentions in his defend Vienna was the geographical nucleus centre of the Empire and so the city famed historical importance.4While Austria was under the Habsburg Crown it was an autonomous state,5and was reigning in most territories of the Empire. afterwards the death of Charles VI Archduke in October in 1740, his daughter female horse Theresa, who was born in Vienna, took the rule.6She was regarded as the greatest of the Habsburgs rules.7When she became empress she was 40 years and led the Austria in a golden era. Maria Theresa stagger the education and she introduced 500 public schools. She helped the industry growth and put set down taxes on the products. Thus she improved the economy. She also reformed the army and the sound system. Maria also contributed in the developed of Classical music as it was the main development in that period. Maria and her 16 children performed operas and dances. In 1762, Maria Theresa pre sented Vienna with the forts performance of Glucks innovation opera Orpheus and Eurydice.8Joseph II, Marias Theresas was the continuer of her activities, from 1780 until 1790. He was another one zealous reformer, who abolished the selfdom and he secularized the religious properties.9It is known that when, the economy of a country is going actually salutary and the only occupation of its habitants it is not the effort of survival, they turn to the development of their civilization. They turn to the development of arts and they are cock-a-hoop importance to education. During the classical period the economy of Austria was going very well and that contributed to be their only concern the cultural development. That make Vienna a cultural centre and wider the capital of Europe. The elements of civilization that were developed in Vienna in classical period were music, the theatre the architecture, and the arts like moving-picture show and grave.In ancient times the music accompanied the people in their activities, which the most of them were religious. But the ideological difference of Renaissance changed the data. During the eighteenth century music gained its own ground and released from the religiosity. In that period composers from all oer the Europe were drawn to Vienna by the patronage of Habsburgs. That period, European music enriched from instruments. Further Vienna could be characterized also as the capital of sombre music because it hosted important representatives of the great European traditional.The famous composers all of the time, who were considered as the three monsters of classical period and contributed with their remarkable musical work, to be the city of Vienna such an important cultural centre were Haydn Mozart and Beethoven. Franz Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrou, in Austria he considered as the father of symphony. Additionally it is necessary to mention that in 1797, Haydn became the composer of the Austrian national anthem Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser. In 1803, the city of Vienna gave to Haydn the large golden Salvator -medal, and during the 1804 became an honour citizen of Vienna. After his dead he took the sympathy of Viennese people and they called for his honour his cemetery as the Haydn Park.10 withal Mozart, the musical genius born in Salzburg, in Austria. His father, Leopold, as a violin t individuallyer, recognized soon, the musical talent of his son. By the age of 5 Mozart started to compose minuets. His fame as a great musician began by the age of 6, when the family invited from the Empress Maria Theresa in Vienna and there he played delicate. and so Mozart started travelling in European countries with high music culture and he was conducting concerts, but he decide to move back to Vienna, because he believed that it was the crush place for him to stay. He lived in Vienna galore(postnominal) creative and flourishing years,11where he became a great concert organizer and a piano virtuoso, a conducto r and an important composer. Also he collected many sonatas, strings quartet and operas which still heard until nowadays.In the same way, Beethoven is classified in the list of most famous composers of classical period. He born in Bonn, in Germany, moved to the note musical centre, Vienna with the ambition to be a great and famous composer as Haydn and Mozart.12The aspiration of Beethoven became true. He appeared in concerts in Vienna as a pianist, since he established as the city pianist. He also composed remarkable sonatas and symphonies. Beethoven became the first successful freelance of Vienna.13The musical sprightliness works of that composers still hearing until nowadays and the visitors of Vienna go to the capital of classical music to enjoy live that great works.The theatre as well noticed a great development in Austria and especially in Vienna, which became the city of religious drama. During the Middle Ages developed three forms of theatre, the Jesuit drama, the commedi a Dell Arte and the Italian Opera. That forms underlie the theatre of eighteenth century and estimate the Vienna one of the most attractive theatrical cultures of Europe. The popular theatre appeared for the first time in 1711, with the contribution of Josef Stranitzky who was an improvisational player and led the Karntnerto arena in Vienna to take over by an Italian company. Stranitzky was directly supported by the populace. But in the second half of eighteenth century the improvisation gradually started to disappear from the theatrical stage. In the late eighteenth century in 1791, appeared one of the greatest theatrical productions, in Vienna.14Additionally, during the eighteenth century, Vienna flourished and became a cosmopolitan centre. The architecture of the city was characterized by bulky building which beautified the skyline. Those buildings do not have the style of archean medieval buildings but many of those Gothic buildings had the style of older foundations. perm it have a look where has its roots the architecture of eighteenth century. During the 1300s the architecture of the churches was based on the Hallenkirche (hall church), which it was German style. The St. Stephans Cathedral, where the famous composer of classical period Haydn performed from his childishness as tenor, has the style of Hallenkirche. In Renaissance other buildings were not make up, because the Turks, who besieged the city periodically from 1529 until the 1680, were allowing only the strength of Viennas fortifications.15Austrias architects started to produce in the golden age of Austria baroque architecture, when the Leopold I, was ruling. Johan Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, (1656-1723) was an architect, who took elements from the Italianate baroque and tried to approximate them to the Viennese style. He was the architect of Maria Theresas Schonbrum Palace and his work characterized by a restrained and monumental style. The palace has the style of rococo which develope d in the early eighteenth century and has similarities with the baroque style. The Schonbrum Palace and the other building of rococo style were gilded stucco with brightly colored frescoes. After Fischer another architect became famous for his design, Johann Lukans von Hildebrand (1668 -1745). The Belvedere Palace of Prince Eugene, designed by Hildebrand with interlocking cubes and a style of slopping mansard roof. So that provides the influence from Fischer von Erlach. Also the Schahwarzenberg Palace in Vienna was designed by Hildebrand.16The Viennese architects in eighteenth century were using the neoclassical architecture styles. They approximated the classical architect of classics and Romans. They used cleaner lines in their designs and squarer. The buildings were bulkier and they had preponderance of columns.Further mental picture and sculpture remarked a development during the eighteenth century. Bernardo Bellotto, who was a pupil of his uncle famous puma Venetian, Canalrtt o, invited from Maria Theresa to make the city flat with clear light, details and accuracy. Bellottos painting can be characterized as social, historical and artistic documents. Martin van Meysten was another one famous painter of eighteenth century. Meysten composed his cavances with clumsiness and they are overburdened. Those cavances are the best of Austrian courts balls and receptions. In 1730, he became the manager of picturesque Arts Academy in Vienna.17Also the sculpture developed during the classical period in Vienna. There were three famous sculptors who stayed in recital for their remarkable works. The first was Georg Raphael Donner, who made the bronzes of the Fountain of Providence in the Neuer commemorate and it has life-size. Also Bathasar Permoser created the equestrian statues, which was located in the courtyard of the Belvedere Palace. Further Balthasar Moll was the third famous sculptor and created the double sarcophagus for Maria Theresa and his maintain Franc es Stephan. Sarcophagus located in the Kapuzinerkirche. Franz Xaver Messerschmidt was a habitant of Vienna and he is famous for his personation bust. Franz made the portrait of famous representatives as Maria Theresa, of her son Joseph II and others.18In addition the economic prosperity in Vienna in eighteenth century fostered the conditions of intellectual Rise. Greeks immigrants contributed in this as they created a Greek colony in Vienna when they left from the Greece to escape from the chaos that prevailed in the country at the long of Turkish rule. The ideas of the enlightenment found in Vienna fertile ground. Before the French revolution scholars clergy like Anthimos Gajis, Neofitos Doukas and Constantinos Koumas made Vienna the most important intellectual centre. In that period gruelling editorial activity at the Greek printings in Vienna was noticed which were printing books of philosophy, of science of mathematics, of geography pedagogical and also medical books.19To dec ide undoubtedly Vienna developed a great civilization in classical period and was characte muster upd from many people as a cultural centre and as the capital of classical music because activated there the most famous composers all of the times. Fairly, we can give to Vienna these characterizations. In this contributed the great Dynastic, the Habsburg Empire, mainly Maria Theresa and his son Joseph II. It is known that Maria Theresa contributed to the rise and aid of the economy of Vienna, which was not very good, because of the wars conductor in classical period. Maria Theresa was an admirable empress who achieved to strengthen the economy of Vienna by touch on the industry. She lowered the taxes and she gave importance on the establishment of schools. The cultural development of each nation is based on the education of the people who live in an organized society.Also it is important to refer to the Greeks immigrants who created a colony in Vienna and by this contributed in the ri se of Viennas economy. Greeks developed a soaked economic activity and they dealt with the commercial and they made Vienna in the eighteenth century a commercial crossroad. Hence, the economy of Vienna was going very well. The civilization found, fertile ground to develop in all aspects and the Vienna became a great intellectual and cultural centre.Finally Vienna, fairly took the style of a cultural centre Because in that city in eighteenth century and especially in classical period, all the aspects of civilization as the music, the architecture, the painting and the sculpture developed. As mentioned before, cultural means the study of an object, the cultivation and the development of a particular place in a particular period. Thus Vienna can be characterised as one of the most important cultural centres in classical period.