Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 996 Words

Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe Contemporary Classics Study Questions PART I Chapter 1 1. Describe Okonkwo’s position in the clan and his personality. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected warrior of the Umuofia clan, a lower Nigerian tribe that is part of a consortium of nine connected villages, including Okonkwo’s village, Iguedo. In his youth, he brought honor to his village by beating Amalinze the Cat in a wrestling contest. Until his match with Okonkwo, the Cat had been undefeated for seven years. 2. Describe Okonkwo’s father. His father is named Unoka. Okonkwo is completely unlike his now deceased father, Unoka, who feared the sight of blood and was a debtor, always borrowing and losing money, which meant that his wife and children often went hungry. Unoka was, however, a skilled flute player and had a gift for, and love of, language. By the standards of the clan, Unoka was a coward and a spendthrift. He never took a title in his life, he borrowed money from his clansmen, and he rarely repaid his debts. He never became a warrior because he feared the sight of blood. Moreover, he died of an abominable illness. On the positive side, Unoka appears to have been a talented musician and gentle, if idle. He may well have been a dreamer, ill-suited to the chauvinistic culture into which he was born. The novel opens ten years after his death. Chapter 2 3. What does Okonkwo think when he hears the gong? He wonders what was amiss, and he sensed in the crier’s voice that it may be aShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic protagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chinua Achebe is a famous Nigerian novelist in worldwide. Things fall apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958, the year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence. And this novel is one of the first African novels to gain worldwide recognition. (Phil Mongredien, 2010) This novel presents people a story of an African Igbo tribal hero, Okonkwo, from his growth to death. The fate of Okonkwo also indicates the fate of Africa caused by the colonizationRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart883 Words   |  4 Pagesdehumanize the native population and convince themselves that they are helping. Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart attempts to correct these misguided views of African societies by portraying a more complex culture that values peace, and the art of conversation. Achebe also tries to portray the idea that not all European people they come in contact with are aggressive, and misconstrued in their view of the African societ ies. Achebe tries to show us the value of his society through repeated views into conversationsRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1410 Words   |  6 PagesTeddy Manfre Ms. Blass ENG 209-001 April 24, 2017 Things Fall Apart In 1958, Chinua Achebe a famous Nigerian author publishes one of his most famous novels Things Fall Apart. The novel takes place in a Nigerian village called Umuofia. During the time that this novel is published Nigeria is being criticized by the Europeans for being uncivilized. In response, Achebe uses his brilliance in this novel to express the valued history of his people to his audience. His focus in the novel is on the pre-colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1015 Words   |  5 PagesIn his novel Things Fall Apart, author Chinua Achebe utilizes his distinctive writing style in order to accurately capture the culture and customs of the Igbo people despite writing his story in a foreign language. Five aspects of Achebe’s style that make his writing unique is the straightforward diction present in dialogue, the inclusion of native parables convey Igbo life authentically, the inclusion of native Igbo words and phrases, detailed descriptions of nature and the usage of figurative languageRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1702 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Things Fall Apart Biographical information about the author: Chinua Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. He had an early career as a radio host, and later became the Senior Research Fellow at the University of Nigeria. After moving to America, he became an English professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Achebe has won numerous awards for his poetry and fiction, including the Man Booker prize and Commonwealth Poetry Price. He currently teaches at Bard College. Author: Chinua AchebeRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is an Important Element of Society Chinua Achebe is the author of when Things Fall Apart while Joseph Conrad authored Heart of Darkness. Conrad and Achebe set their individual titles in Africa; Achebe is an African writer whereas Conrad is Polish-British. The authors draw strength from their backgrounds to validity the authenticity of their fictional novels. Conrad writes from his experiences in the British and French navies while Achebe uses his African heritage. The theme of culture isRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1248 Words   |  5 PagesChris Lowndes Ms. Cook A.P.L.C. 21 October 2015 We Are Family: Hardships in One s Family in Things Fall Apart Specific attributes correlate with each other to help create or not create the ideal strong family. However, through those attributes arise conflicts and major disputes. This issue of trying to achieve and create a strong family is of immense importance in one’s life, especially in Chinua Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart, a milestone in African literature. For instance, the father leaves his legacyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagescertain degree of the priest class, libation, holidays, creation stories, divine systems of punishments and rewards. In the novel, Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a story of tragic fall of a protagonist and the Igbo culture. Achebe demonstrates different examples and situations of where an African culture, in the instances of tribal religions, did certain things because of their tradition is and the way they developed into. African cultures pondered life mysteries and articulated theirRead Mo reChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1314 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe masterpiece â€Å"Things Fall Apart† (1959) is the classic story of Okonkwo, a young man who strives to be revered by his village and family but because of his own internal character flaws meets his own demise. In the Igbo culture, family traditions are an important narrative throughout the novel. Okonkwo, the protagonist character of this story, begins with many attributes of what would be concluded as a hero with his cultural society. He is hard working, a material provider, feared and

Wilson Nationwide Sports Manufacturer - 538 Words

Wilson: Nationwide Sports Manufacturer â€Å"Looking ahead to the next 100 years, Wilson is expanding its product portfolio to ensure that generations of players to come have the tools they need to experience more winning moments.† (Wilson.com). that is a perfect sentence to sum up the influence of Wilson in the world of sports. The Wilson brand is a well-known manufacturer for the making of great sports equipment, especially tennis. Anyone would ask, how does a Wilson tennis racket differ from another tennis manufacturers’ racket? The Wilson brand started in 1915, by Thomas E. Wilson and ever since, it has progressed to be the world’s leading manufacturer of sports equipment. The first step to success for Wilson was the first metal racket the company produced. â€Å"Wilson Sporting Goods introduced the first popular metal racquet, the T2000. Stronger and lighter than wood, it became a top seller.†(About.com). Wilson was also the first to produce aluminum tennis rackets. These rackets had great sales because of their structure that allowed players to play with a lot of spin. Then, an even bigger success for Wilson was the creation of graphite tennis rackets. That material allowed players to go for harder hits with lesser racket weight. Today, the main materials used to create rackets are graphite and carbon fiber. Although Wilson has succeeded to make their tennis rackets well-known, that is not the only important factor in manufacturing the rackets. TheShow MoreRelatedThe New Women Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1230 Words   |  5 Pagesmost common for women. Also in Miriam’s article, she says, â€Å"Manufacturing, retail and wholesale trade, banking, and services grew rapidly in the early 20th century. The success of many of these ventures depended on women.† These companies and manufacturers really did, and still do, rely on the work of women, the demand for products called for more workers, and women were willing. Not only were women working at these manufactures, they were buying from them, high fashion was on the rise. An extremelyRead MoreThe Commercialisation, Professionalization And Equity Of Sport1714 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessionalization and equity of sport has changed from the 1950s to today. This piece of work will also discuss the different techniques and strategies that organisations within sport used to commercialise, professionalise and set social stratification. The worldwide interest in sport is phenomenal, regardless of your skin colour, religion, health, social status, gender and home nation. Sport is a universal platform for happiness, revenue and success. Even though sport has made the leap from just loveRead MoreAn Analysis of Bass Pro Shops Incs Strategic Marketing Methods3267 Words   |  13 Pagesoutdoors and all things sports serving more than 75 million customers each year (About Bass Pro Shops 2012). The company is a privately held retailer that specializes in a broad array of hunting, fishing, camping and related outdoor recreation merchandise (Bass Pro SWOT Analysis 2012). Over the past 2 decades in particular, the company has become one of Americas most recognizable outdoor retailers with its distinctive oversized stores that feature a wide array of sports-related merchandise, of courseRead MoreThe Seven Themes Of History1320 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional baseball clubs was formed on February 2, 1876. It became are commonly known as the National League NL. The American league was established in 1901. In the first world series was headed 1903. This helped shape american culture, and our love for sports. During the Harlem Renaissance the movement of African American culture became very popular with the writing in artistic growth. Jazz music was also a cultural type of music. 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Its corporate website contains the following notice: RAYMOND WEIL products are sold by official dealers only. The RAYMOND WEIL International Guarantee isRead MoreProduct and Service Design Pepsi4127 Words   |  17 Pagesabout one-quarter of its sales. (Bottling operations are run independently). Pepsi Co also owns Frito-Lay, the worlds number 1 maker of snacks such as corn chips (Doritos, Fritos) and potato chips (Lays, Ruffles, WOW!). PepsiCo sells its Gatorade sports drink and Tropicana orange juice brands through other divisions. The company also sells Aquafina bottled water, Dole juices (licensed), Lipton ready-to-drink tea, and Rold Gold pretzels. 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John Gay s The Beggar s Opera - 1224 Words

Wrought with double irony and an overall sense of mock-pastoral, English playwright John Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera (1728) expresses the ironic dynamic between the central characters Macheath and Peachum. Even the names of the characters comically resemble their occupations within the play, Peachum’s being a play on the word â€Å"peach† which means to bring one to trial, while Macheath’s meaning â€Å"son of heath† and being a play on the heaths of London, which were prime places for highwaymen (Tillotson et al.). While Gay used both characters as a political satire towards Jonathan Wild and the then Prime Minister Robert Walpole (after all, The Beggar’s Opera was a political satire first and a potential literary commentary second), they also mocked the traditional roles of hero and villain by switching their positions in an ironic fashion. Throughout the play, Peachum expresses how, despite his rather nefarious act of â€Å"peaching † criminals, he does not view himself as a villain. Rather, he views himself as a tragic hero, reigning high above the cheats of the world and putting them in their rightful place: whether it be the gallows or under his thumb. Such a concept creates the second layer of irony, the first being that, conventionally, Peachum fits many of the characteristics of a tragic hero. He conscientiously sees what he his doing as righteous—a trait of the pastoral hero. Within the first scene of the play, Peachum compares his occupation of peaching to a lawyer’s, bothShow MoreRelatedJohn Gays Use of Music for Satire in The Beggars Opera Essay2436 Words   |  10 PagesJohn Gays Use of Music for Satire in The Beggars Opera John Gay=s The Beggar=s Opera is a rather complex work, despite its apparent simplicity. Critics have interpreted it variously as political satire, moral satire, even (at a stretch) Christian satire. Common to many interpretations is the assertion that the Opera is a satire directed at both the politics and the art of its day. A fairly conventional interpretation of the play and its composition showsRead MoreThe Multiculturalism of London: Perceptions of Five Authors4563 Words   |  18 Pagesfive authors, i.e. Zadie Smith, Charles dickens, Daniel Defoe, John Gay and Ben Jonson and their separate views about London. Table of Contents Introduction 3 Discussion 4 The Ben Jonsons Bartholomew Fair (Fayre) 4 The Social Unifier Depicted by the Fair 5 The Fair and the Social Identity 6 The Bartholomew Fair of Jonson and Social Identity 6 The John Gays The Beggars Opera 8 The Slums of London 9 The Plots of Opera 10 The Daniel Defoes Journal of a Plague Year 10 In

Speech Act Theory and Application in the Efl Classroom.

Essay Mahly J. Martinez (2008) SPEECH ACT THEORY AND APPLICATION IN THE EFL CLASSROOM. †¢ Introduction ( Recent interest in teaching speech act theory (beyond the form) (Garcia, M, 2000) †¢ Communicative competence Theory (Sassan, B 2007) †¢ Speech Act Theory (Overview) (Austin 1962 – Searle, 1965, Yule 1991) †¢ Indirect and Direct Acts (Sassan, B. 2007) †¢ Practical Activities for Applying the speech act theory in the EFL Classroom (Fujimori, 2004) †¢ Pedagogical implications (Garcia, M. 2000, Vez, J. 2001 and Sassan, B, 2007) In the process of communication, we usually think that everything we say or write is exactly what we mean, but this is not completely true. In any language, people tend not to speak in a literal way all the†¦show more content†¦The communicative competence theory was the first attempt to see language as it is, a medium of communication, a vehicle of thoughts. The communicative competence establishes that speakers should know not only the grammatical rules of the language but the social, discursive and strategic aspects implied in it. The first practical model of the communicative competence was proposed by Canale and Swain (1983). These authors stated that speakers of any language should develop competencies of four kinds: grammatical, sociolinguistic, discursive and strategic. Grammatical Competence is defined by Canale and Swain (1983) as the ability of the speaker to produce and understand correct, syntactic, lexical and phonological forms of a language. It embraces knowing all the features and rules of a language such as sounds, word formation, sentence formation, pronunciation, etc. On the other hand, the sociolinguistic competence addresses the appropriateness of what we say in different contexts. Also, it is important to develop the Discourse competence that is the ability to understand an individual message and how its meaning is represented in relation to the entire text and discourse. Finally, Strategic Competence: the ability to transmit information in an effective way to a listener or reader,Show MoreRelatedThe Capstone Product ( Found As An Attachment1671 Words   |  7 Pageswere ESL and EFL adult students. However, the first implementation of this capstone, was to deliver the capstone to faculty. Additionally, student goals and objec tives were identified (Celce-Murcia, 2001). According to Italiano and Rounds (1993), there are three basic premises for an ESL project: †¢ Initially, language proficiency needed to occur as a whole and naturally through practical language used in authentic situations (Italiano Rounds, 1993). This would occur in the ESL classroom and eventuallyRead MoreTeaching Second / Foreign Language From Contractive Analysis Point Of View And Discusses How It Helps Develop Learners5957 Words   |  24 Pagesof pragmatics in language use and how it can change meaning in a given context is also discussed. To make use of code-switching, different models and taxonomies related to it are reviewed based on which beneficial teaching techniques and useful classroom activities are suggested. In this study the researcher provides a theoretical guideline based on which teachers can use codeswitching as a useful technique to help students have a sound understanding of the target language pragmatics. At the endRead MoreThe Benefit of Code Switching14750 Words   |  59 PagesChapter 1 Introduction Code-switching, which may be defined as the alternation between two or more languages in a speaker’s speech, occurs naturally in the scheme of bilingualism. Studies have reported that code-switching often happened subconsciously; ‘people may not be aware that they have switched, or be able to report, following a conversation, which code they used for a particular topic’ (Wardaugh, 1998, p. 103). However, although bilingual speakers claim that code-switching is an unconsciousRead MoreThe Method Of Second Language Acquisition1754 Words   |  8 PagesBialystok’s model consists of four learning strategies, which are formal practicing, functional practicing, inferencing and monitoring ((O’ Malley, J. M., Chamot, 1990). In this theory, formal practicing refers to the practice of the rules of language. And functional practicing refers to engaging in the social interaction and the application of the language in life. She argues that language learners can acquire implicit and explicit linguistic knowledge through formal or functional practicing of the languageRead MoreEssay on The Analysis of Classroom Discourse2779 Words   |  12 Pages1. BACKGROUND The analysis of classroom discourse is of value to teachers wanting to understand the dynamics of classroom communication, to discover â€Å"whether there is a proper equilibrium or an imbalance between real communication and teacher talk.† (McCarthy 1991). During my MS coursework, we learned about Sinclair and Coulthard’s conversation analysis model which struck me as a very useful tool to analyze classroom discourse. The three-tier model is particularly helpful in gauging the progressRead MoreTotal Physical Response in Second Language Learning4112 Words   |  17 PagesTeaching Methodologies ....................................................... 3 2. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3 3. Background of the TPR Approach †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 4. Approach †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 5 4.1. Theory of Language †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 4.2. Theory of Learning †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 5. Why TPR Works? Brain Lateralization †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 6. Goals of TPR Approach †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 7. Strengths of TPR Approach †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 8. TPR Approach Vs. ComprehensiveRead MoreSyllabus Designing - Review of Literature5836 Words   |  24 Pagesobtain from the instructional English program. 1. The Difference between ESP and EGP The question of the difference between ESP and EGP has been addressed in the literature in terms of theory and practice. Hutchinson and Waters (1987) state that there is no difference between the two in theory; however, there is a great deal of difference in practice. ESP differs from EGP in the sense that the words and sentences learned and the subject matter discussed are all relevant to a particularRead MoreCommunicative Language Teaching15330 Words   |  62 Pages2006 Printed in the United States of America isbn-13 978-0-521-92512-9 paperback Book layout services: Page Designs International Table of Contents Introduction 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 What Is Communicative Language Teaching? The Background to CLT 6 Classroom Activities in Communicative Language Teaching Current Trends in Communicative Language Teaching 22 14 Process-Based CLT Approaches – Content-Based Instruction and Task-Based Instruction 27 Product-Based CLT Approaches – Text-Based Instruction andRead MoreThe Importance of Teaching Culture in the Foreign Language Classroom9379 Words   |  38 PagesThe Importance Of Teaching Culture In The Foreign Language Classroom Radical Pedagogy (2001) ISSN: 1524-6345 The Importance Of Teaching Culture In The Foreign Language Classroom Language And Culture: What IS Culture And Why Should IT BE Taught? In this section, we will briefly examine the relationship between language and culture and see why the teaching of culture should constitute an integral part of the English language curriculum. To begin with, language is a social institution, both shapingRead MoreA Research Study On Linguistics7646 Words   |  31 Pageseffect of power and language in the ESL Classroom. Teachers have been identified as the main figures in the process of learning. Their impact is fundamental towards the progress of students. For the achievement of desired outcomes in order to teach English, teachers should show awareness towards and adhering towards specific essentials. There is also a need for taking into accountability regarding critical factors like atmosphere of classroom, management of classroom, passion, patience and tolerance.

Late Bloomers Free Essays

At the first hint of labor, she is rushed to the hospital with fear and excitement. Hours of painful contractions take over her body but the knowledge of soon meeting her unborn child keeps her hanging on. After delivery she holds her newborn son in her arms. We will write a custom essay sample on Late Bloomers or any similar topic only for you Order Now She does not know until years later how dependent upon her this child will become. Josh does not respond well to sounds or faces but the doctor’s test his hearing and find nothing wrong. A few years later this mother notices that her son is a â€Å"late bloomer† when he has not yet learned to walk or attempt to talk. His appearance is like other children his age but his abilities are limited. Josh is unable to point to objects or hold his arms out for love. He pushes away from affection wanting to be left alone to play with his toy cars. Josh finds fun in flapping his arms and laughing, usually at inappropriate times. School has come but still Josh does not speak. When he begins to speak, he talks in a repetitive babbling manner that is impossible to understand. He fears school and unknown faces. When he arrives home from school, he is repetitive in movement and activities. Josh paces the floor in circular motions and at times bangs his head on the floor. Josh does poor in school because he fails to pay attention. He has poor eye contact and is often seen with his hands over his ears. By this time, his mother has realized that he is not a â€Å"late bloomer†, something is wrong with her child. After many tests and observations, Josh is diagnosed with autism, a disease that is not curable. He will live with this social disability for the rest of his life. Josh’s mother is concerned that she is to blame for his disability. She consults her doctor about the cause of this disease. It is possible that viruses and genetics have a role in Josh’s autism but neurological damage is most likely. Depending upon the severity of Josh’s disability he may or may not be able to care for himself in the future. He is totally dependent upon his mother for his basic needs in life. The above story is a typical scenario of a child with autism. â€Å"Autism is a severe developmental disorder characterized by profound language delay and extreme social withdrawal (San Jose Mercury News). Autism affects normal development of the brain having to do with social interactions and verbal skills. Autistic people usually have a hard time relating to the outside world. They are often described as being in an ice block. The cause of autism is still undetermined but, researchers from all over the world are devoting time and energy into finding the cause. Neurological damage can occur in any child for any number of reasons. This is why autism is so hard to diagnose and treat. This disease can affect anyone and any race. Neurological damage can be caused by many things part of the everyday life, such as vaccines. Due to a 273% autism increase in the last ten years in California, the U.S. Department of Education launched a research study. â€Å"It was decided to target mothers who had received a live virus vaccine after the age of 16, whether or not they had an autistic child.† (Yazbak, F. Edward, MD, FAAP 1999) The conjecture was that antibodies which the child had received from it’s mother had some how mixed with the vaccine to create autistic results. Mothers received the vaccine to meet requirements for higher education; work related vaccines, or failure to react to previous vaccines. Two hundred forty parents of autistic children and mothers who had received vaccines were studied. Seven studies are discussed in ‘Autism: Is there a vaccine connection?’ â€Å"Six out of seven children (85%) who resulted from these pregnancies were diagnosed with autism, and the seventh, (case 1) whose mother received a measles vaccine, exhibits symptoms which suggest autistic spectrum† (Yazbak, F. Edward, MD, FAAP 1999). Research is still being conducted on vaccines given to pregnant women and how the vaccines effect the unborn child. Other cases of autism are being researched, as neurological technology is becoming available. Genetics, for example, are being scanned for flaws and pictures are being taken of the brains in progress. â€Å"Phenylketonuria (a brain disease) is a purely genetic disease that can cause mental retardation† (Cook, Jr., Edwin H. 1999). If it is found early in childhood, dietary therapy can prevent this disease. It is possible autism may be treated the same way, but because this theory and many others are new, funding and research just begun. Secretion is also a therapy that can help with autism. â€Å"It is one of the hormones that controls digestion† (Lloyd, John Wills 1998). Secretion is emitted into the empty stomach by cells in the digestive system to stimulate the liver and stomach to produce enzymes that aide to digestion, and fluids that neutralize the acidity of the intestines. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activation polypeptide (PACAP) is also used. PACAP, a peptide that is used to medicate disease such as ulcers, but has a side effect of suppressing membranes which cause autistic children to act abnormal has been found. When given to rats, delayed reactions were seen in response to loud noises and open spaces. When children received secretion, their eye contact improved and alertness and expressive language were seen (Horvath, Stefanatos, Sokolski, Wachtel, Nabor Tildon, 1998). The Tomatis Method is a much different approach. The aim of the Tomatis Method is to develop or reestablish communication when it had been lost or impaired using the ear and its various functions (Sollier, Pierre 1996) Tomatis treats the child not the disease. This treatment is not a cure; it is only used to improve the lives of autistic children. Sixty percent of the children treated show improvements, such as clearer speech, more eye contact, and interaction with other children and teacher. Parents have been reported that Tomatis Method speeds up other therapies and makes life easier. Like all treatments, there are good and bad days. Some days the children revert to their own world and again become recluses. Tomatis has found a new way to retrieve these children. To reestablished communication, Tomatis focuses on the vestibule, the inner part of the ear. â€Å"There is not one single muscle of the body, including the muscles of the eyes, that is not under control of the vestibular system† (Sollier, Pierre 1996). When the sensory input does not run smoothly the child becomes bombarded with information. The confusion of the information causes the child to withdraw into his own world to protect himself. Tomatis points out that hearing and listening are two different things. Autistic children cannot focus on the correct information coming into his senses. All of us hear background noise, but choose to focus on bits of information that are important to us. An autistic child does not have the ability to listen, he may hear cars pass by on the street below and all the other back ground noises. Autistic children ‘space out† or enter into their own world to escape the confusion of the outside world. By creating an easier way for autistic children to decipher information, the desire to speak is found. To do this, conducted research in which children listen to their mother’s voice. â€Å"He electronically filtered her voice, to match the sounds heard in the womb† (Sollier, Pierre 1996). The children began to bond with people around them. It is known that a mother’s voice sooths children, and since autistic children live in fear its natural that Tomatis uses the mother’s voice to sooth those fears. As technology becomes available many therapies will be created to improve the life of autistic children, but the best way to improve the child’s life is to educate their care providers. Autism is an incurable disease estimated to occur in 1 in 500 people (Centers for Disease and Prevention 1997). Learning the symptoms and signs of autism is the first step in education and improved care for autistic children. Signs of autism may be detected as soon as infancy. Some signs include: 1. Arching his/her back to avoid touch 2. Failure to anticipate being picked up Years ago parents did not live the burden of with autism. Most children were put away in asylums to be left in their own world, because they were not understood. These children spent their lives not knowing any other world than their own. Today with the technology we have, we can enter into the child’s world and bring him back to our own. This can all be done with education and technology. How to cite Late Bloomers, Papers

Why do people gossip Essay Example For Students

Why do people gossip? Essay Have you ever thought while you are gossipingWhat am I doingIm sure that you have never thought about it. Humankind all gossip without being unaware of it..Actually,gossips are composed of comments shared with people.From that respect,it is an inevitable action.Because,we all need to share feelings and make comments.It is due to the human nature. Surely, there are some reasons for it.For example, we make gossip when we want to create a sense of intimacy among ourselves.While creating intimacy,we never think about scandalmonger people.First,we say our secrets and comments to a person.We share them without thinking any bad reason.Then,our wonderful!scandalmonger friend starts telling the news to others. As a second reason,I could say that we got used to gossip due to the magazine programs.They made us be inquisitive to all the things we have encountered.especially in our nation These programs have appeared in a very short time.For instance,weTurkish people watched Televole and this kind of programmes at first.By watching it,we become familiar with gossips.Then,we started to watch BBG.After we had watched it,we went deeply into peoples private lifes.Finally, we have watched peoples quarrels live broadcasted on TV.Dont you think these are enough for our curiosity? In brief,I can say that gossip is not only peoples guilt but also medias guilt.We should be more careful about this bad procession, try to escape from these programmes and these scandalmonger people..