Tale of Cinderella compared to the movie Essay Example for Free

Tale of Cinderella compared to the movie Essay Everybody has already heard about tales during their childhood and everyone has liked them. One of the most known tales is of course the PerraultsCinderella. The movie industry still continues today to make films inspired from this popular tale. In this essay, the tale of Cinderella will be compared to the movie, Ever After. This comparison essay will show two common aspects: the male superiority to women and the importance of feminine beauty. First of all, in both films the male is superior to women. In Cinderella, the Prince is the hero who is wealthy and future king. He is the alias who only wants to find a woman to become his wife. Cinderella is the poor weak and passive girl who has to obey to the orders given by her stepmother. Her alternatives are to stay miserable or marry into happiness; the Prince is her rescuer. In Ever After, it is the same thing because the young girl has to obey to the order of her cruel stepmother and sisters. She has no power like Cinderella and while her stepmother gives her to the cruel baron, the Prince rescues her. In the movie and the story, the deprived girl marries the Prince. Secondly, in the movie and the tale the feminine beauty is very important and high-classed clothing gives identity like the Prince, the King, the stepmother and the stepsisters. Cinderella has an identity only at the moment that her godmother changes her into a princess for the ball. In Ever After, the girl has identity in front of the Prince only when she wears beautiful clothes. The beauty is not only on the physical side but also the psychological side. In contrast to the move and the tale the girl forgives her stepmother and stepsisters because she is without resentment even though they have been cruel to her. Both girls are a sweet, innocent, nice people even when they dress poorly. Also, the women with power and beauty are cruel in these situations. To sum up, in the movie and the tale, males like the Prince and the King are superior to women because they are wealthy and powerful. Also, Cinderella has only the alternatives to stay miserable or marry the Prince to be happy. Beauty is something very important in Cinderella and Ever After:Â  high-classed clothing gives beauty and identity and without this, you are nothing.

Performance of any construction project

Performance of any construction project Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.1 Introduction: The delivery of any project is considered successful, when it achieves its predetermined goals and objectives. The performance of any construction project is measured or benchmarked by three aspects i.e. time, cost and quality. Any variations to these three aspects may lead to the failure of the project. Cost of the project, its duration and the value achieved from the project is an important issue, particularly for public funded projects. As these types of projects are sponsored by tax payers, hence it becomes necessary to provide better value for their money in terms of services or facilities. Increased duration means the tax payers and the overall economy of the country have to wait for facilities such as infrastructure and services. This will make hurdle for the progress of economy of that country. The simplest definition of the cost overrun in the construction project is an overrun which occurred rather than presumed cost. The researchers findings suggest that most of the public funded projects across the globe suffered from the phenomenon of cost overrun. The study of Flybjerg et al (2002, 2003 and 2004) had covered 23 countries across five continents and found as infrastructure projects often suffer from the cost overruns. For the successful delivery of the project without any cost overrun, it is necessary to investigate the various causes of cost overrun and as per various causes, preventive measures are to be implemented to avoid cost overrun. There is an internal relationship between the type of the project i.e. size and purpose of project, type of risks involved in the projects and the phenomenon of cost overrun. Most of the mega projects are more susceptible for the cause of cost overrun due to various reasons such as, longer duration, variety of risks involved and influence of stake holders. Every cost escalated project has unique causes of cost overrun particular to that project, which mostly depends upon the location of the project, culture of construction industry at that location and type of project etc. Various researchers have found out the cause of cost overrun particular to their case studies. These causes of cost overrun are further subcategorised as technical causes and non technical causes. Majority of technical causes found are inaccurate cost estimates, poor project management and improper risk management. Even though there are various causes of cost overrun for different projects, same measures can be implemented for any projects to take care of cost overrun. Though there are various case studies for successful projects and unsuccessful projects in aspects of cost overrun, the case study of construction of terminal 5, Heathrow is explained here as it is one of the successful project delivery without any cost overrun due to various measures and innovative strategies adopted by BAA during the project management. The case of Wembley stadium is considered for finding the causes of cost overrun as a failure project, which led the contractor to the huge amount of loss of profit. Cost overrun has various impacts in a construction industry such as prolonged duration of projects, budget shortfall, supplementary agreements, loss of reputation for client, contractors and consultants and adversarial relationship among the stake holder due to failure of the project. As said above, most of the public funded projects were suffered from the cost overrun. It is necessary to attain the effective measures for cost overrun for the successful completion of the projects, which will be helpful for the socio-economic progress of that country. 1.2 Purpose: Every country across the globe it may be developed or developing, is trying to make life of the citizens easier by providing or enhancing the infrastructural facilities. History shows that most of the infrastructural projects are prone to cost overrun with effect of delays or suspension of the projects, leading to deceleration in achieving infrastructural facilities for the tax payers or that country. In order to realise every nations development dream and to leap towards the respective aspiration, every professional of construction industry will have to opt for successful project delivery without any cost overrun, sticking to time constrain and with optimum quality. This fact gives the much needed motivation for the research. 1.3 Aim: The aim of the research is to investigate the major causes of cost overrun in construction projects and measures to avoid cost overrun. 1.4 Objectives: To build clear understanding of the causes and measures for the phenomenon of cost overrun. To study some practical evidences to compare causes found for failure project and measures taken for successful project. Analyse the information obtained from study (literature review and case studies) and provide results to facilitate further recommendation and suggestions for avoidance of cost overrun. 1.5 Research questions: What are the major causes of cost overrun? What are the various measures to avoid cost overrun? 1.6 Breakdown of the dissertation: This chapter gives the summery of the various contents which were covered in the research. For better achievement of aims of research every topic will be covered in the chapters, following are the introduction of all chapters Chapter 1:- Introduction This chapter covers the preliminary introduction to the topic with purpose of study, aim, objectives, research questions and breakdown of the dissertation. Chapter 2:- Review methodology This chapter explains about the methodology followed to execute the study with explanation about research strategy, literature review, case study, research design, methods of data collection etc. Chapter 3:- Literature review This chapter covers the literature review with description about cost overrun, megaprojects, causes and measures for the cost overrun. Chapter 4:- Case study This chapter gives the evidence of real life case studies, to get better idea of causes for failure and measures for success of project. Case study of terminal 5, Heathrow is studied to understand successful delivery and case study of Wembley stadium is considered for causes of failure of project. Chapter 5:- Finding and analysis This chapter covers the knowledge gained from the studies and analysis in the form of future recommendation to avoid the cost overrun in construction projects. Chapter 6:- Conclusion This chapter covers the introduction for conclusion, objectives and their attainment, limitation and strength of the study, which will be benefited from the study and the future recommendations. Chapter 2: Review Methodologies 2.1 Introduction Sekaran (1992) defined research as an organized, systematic, data based, critical, scientific inquiry, or investigation into specific problem, undertaken with the objective of finding answers or solution to it. This chapter explains the methodology and the techniques, which were used for achieving the objectives explored in the Chapter 1. For doing so it will first discuss about the research design process, theoretical and practical explanation about selecting structured literature review and case study approach. It also elaborates about the actual design of the case study and details surroundings the selection of the case study. These detailed explanations involve the formation of questionnaire about the case study, overview of case study and discussion of the related issues. After this the section describes about the data collection methodology which was utilized in this investigation. 2.2 Research strategy A Research strategy is a plan containing the ways of finding out the answers of the research questions. For framing the research strategy it is necessary to define the objectives of the research and accordingly the research strategy can be developed. Flyvbjerg (2006) and Bell (2005) explained about the strategy, study and the situations. Accordingly, the problems under study and the situation will decide the strategy. Also the approach of information collection does not depend on one method. Methods are opted for feeding required data to produce complete piece of research. Various methods are used to examine a subject which eventually increases the validity of the theory. Yin (2003) had elaborated five different strategies, which will support the research, accordingly, Experiments: Experiment will be helpful when there will be degree of control over the iterative trials and researcher is focused on current events. This will help to find out the conclusions by interrelating the cause and the effects of the variables in the research, which can be achieved by manipulating and control of external factors. Survey: A survey is a structured questionery which is to be questioned to the people. This will be the alternative for the experiments when there is no need of the control over circumstances of the event. The quality of the data by this method is lower than the other methods because the behaviour or approach of the person facing the questionery will affect the survey result. Case study: It involves thorough observations of few individuals. Data collection may involve inspecting the events, interviews and finding records. Archival analysis: It involves the thorough analysis of collected documents, archives, which may be journals, books, web pages etc. Here archival analysis is considered literature review. History: History is similar as archival analysis as it does not require control over the response of the events, only difference is as archival analysis focuses on the current events while history does not. History is practical when there is no control over the behaviour events and investigator does not focus on contemporary events. From the various methods stated above the author has considered case study and literature review as the potential methods for the research under study. Specifically case studies of construction of Terminal 5, Heathrow and construction of Wembley stadium have been adopted for the proper understanding of the topic.By adopting the recommendations and similar conditions in context to the research, the study under view plans to follow broad range of methods such as qualitative and some elements of quantitative techniques. To accomplish this research project, both case study and literature review approaches will be used. There are various reasons apart from as stated above for the adopting literature review and case study approach. One of the reasons will be the problem of biased selectivity in reviewing the literature and bias in reporting which reflects authors bias. In addition to that, there may be difficulty of generalization of data on the basis of individual cases as interpreted by Flyvbjerg (2006).However the combination of the data from the literature review in context with case studies and further analysis will greatly improve the quality of this research and with anticipation, will not produce any barriers at the analysis and interpretation stage. 2.3 Literature Review Bouner (1996) explained about the various reasons for giving time and efforts for the literature review before approaching towards the research project. Accordingly To identify gaps in the literature To avoid reinventing the wheel To carry on from where others have already reached To increase your breadth of knowledge of your subject area To identify seminal works in your area To identify opposing views To put your work in to perspective To identify information and ideas that may be relevant to your project To identify methods that could be relevant to your project On the basis of the above reasons literature review can be defined as a survey of the scholarly articles, relevant books and other academic sources (Dissertation, conference proceedings) in context with the research subject, providing details, critical analysis and summery. Literature review can be done by adopting various steps one by one as Define the topic Compile a list keywords Identify resources Search results Screening results Organize findings Data extraction and Reporting. 2.4 Case study Feagin et al (1991) defined case study as an ideal methodology when a holistic, in-depth investigation is needed. Yin (2003) explained about the case study as when the phenomenon under study is not readily distinguishable from its context. According to Flyvbjerg (2006) case study is beneficial in view of developing and analyzing the hypothesis but not limited to these research activities alone. He elaborated the case study as a perfect choice for achieving the greatest possible amount of information on a given problem or phenomenon. Yin (2003) recommended about the data collection for the formation of the case study, accordingly data obtained from the multiple resources, approaches will add value and strengthen the case study. Yin (2003) identified six sources of case study evidences namely documentation, archival record, interviews, direct observations, participating observations, and physical artefacts. Due to certain limitations including time and lack of funds, this research will make use of only documentation and archived materials. Data from the two separate case studies was collected to get near to the aim of the research and trying to find literal replication to support the findings of the research. The propositions directed and shaped the collection and analysis of data in each case study. Yin (1994) given recommendation to be followed for methodology for a case study which has four stages; Design the case study protocol: determine the required skill develop and review the protocol. Conduct the case study; prepare for data collection distribute questionery conduct interview Analyze case study evidences: analytic strategy Develop conclusion, recommendations, and implications based on the evidence. Yin (1994) intimated that case study designs are not variants of other research design he proposed five components of case studies: A studys questions, Its propositions, if any, Its unit(s) of analysis The logic linking the data to the propositions, and The criteria for interpreting the findings (Yin, 1994, p.20). The stage of analysis is a critical factor in case study because it is a system of action rather than individuals or group of individuals. Case studies will be isolating, focusing on one or two issues which will be helpful to understand the system being examined. Multiple case studies will adopt the logic of replication. Each individual case study consists of a whole study, in which facts are gathered from various sources and conclusions drawn on those facts. The topic of cost overrun is vast because to understand or to investigate the various causes of cost overrun it is necessary to go thoroughly to the every phase of the project, right from its inception to completion stage. Hence the time available to write dissertation on such huge and vast topic is limited, so instead of writing two much case studies, emphasize is given on two case studies such as successful project as a project T5 and failure project as a Wembley stadium. Why case study of project T5 and Wembley national stadi um? The answer is, Terminal 5 project considered here to understand the successful project delivery without any cost overrun and the Wembley stadium is considered for finding and comparing the causes of failure of project. 2.5 Research Design A deliberately planned arrangement of conditions for analysis and collection of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy of procedure (Cook et al 1981).The purpose of the research design is to map the process of research, i.e. research design is used to frame the research, by mapping all the major parts, components, and activities involved to achieve the objectives involved in research project. Various parts and components of the research are samples or groups, measures and activities such as methods of assignment are to be addressed to central research questions. Before planning research design the very first step is identification of the research objectives and then the research questions are then asked and accordingly strategies are to be identified. While fixing the strategy about research design, researcher needs to overlook and decide about the usage of viable and accessible source of information with the help of currently available t ools and methods. The data should be collected in view to get assist to the identified problems or reveal some unknown aspects of the research problems. As research strategy is decided by focusing on aims and objectives of the research, all the data collected should be eventually related within the scope of the research. Efficient collection of data requires through understanding and clear definition of the problem and opportunities surrounding the research subject. (See Figure No 2.1) 2.6 Methods of Data collection Various sources of data which were used for data collection is below Databases Emerald Science direct Scopus Wiley interscience Google scholar e-Library, University of Salford EBSCO host Scirus.com Informaworld RICS BAA OGC NAO Wembleystadium.com Other potential sources of information are textbooks, journals available at library, University of Salford. 2.7 Limitations While searching the appropriate article for collection of the data, it is observed that the same article is appeared in most of the resources. As research aim is in context with the overall construction projects, most of the articles found based on public projects and it is difficult to find the article for private projects. Also it is observed that there are very less articles purely on the topic of cost overrun, most of the articles combined cost overrun and time overrun. 2.8 Summary The research methodology is explained here as a process by which the aims and the objectives of the research have been achieved. For finding out and going near to the answers of the research question is achieved by following the research strategy, which includes adoption of the literature review and case studies with justification adoption of case studies for the particular research. Finally the research design described about the collection, segregation and extraction of data from the authentic sources. Chapter 3: Literature review. A construction project is a unique undertaking for essentially a single purpose which is defined by scope, quality, time, and the cost objectives. The cost and the quality objectives are met by the use of limited resources (Ahuja et al 1994). One of the clients main requirements in respect of any construction project is the assessment of its expected cost (Ashworth, 2004).The importance of cost control as explained by Ashworth (2004) is to limit the clients expenditure within the amount agreed, to achieve a balanced design expenditure between various elements of buildings and to provide the client with a value-for-money project. The value-for-money may be the satisfaction achieved by client in sense of optimum quality and in time possession of the project. For any construction project which may be small or large, the first initiative is to prepare the cost estimates. After this stage the cost control measures are to be implemented during the project life cycle to limit the client expenditure within the amount agreed. This will be the theoretical explanation which seems easier rather than the implementation of the various measures because, the various factors such as forces of inflation, economic uncertainties and the erro r prone human input are influencing during the project lifecycle. In construction industry, there are very rare projects which are completed as per the estimated cost and on scheduled time. The projects which are completed on its estimated cost are exception rather than the norm. As said above the construction project has to go through the many phases during the project life cycle. By the transformation along with the duration it will affected by the various factors such as geological conditions, weather and many other parameters which will be unknown during the planning stage of the project. Accordingly the variation in prices, quantities and many other parameters like that prevent accurate cost estimates. Also as the project progresses towards its completion lots of new things will be propping up which eventually change the estimated cost of the project. World recession has generally produced a shortage of funds for capital purposes and construction in general. This has been coupl ed with high inflation and interest charges, resulting in the costs of construction soaring to high level. (Ashworth, 2000) 3.1 Type of project, risk, cost: Kerzener (2006) explained the rules and the guidelines about the execution of the large construction projects. According to that, such projects involves vast number of people often for short or intense period of time and continuous organizational restructuring may be necessary as each stage of the project goes through the different life cycle phase where the matrix and project organization form may be used interchangeably. As stated above every project must satisfy the aim of the client by proper utilisation of the time and resources. For successful completion of such projects the contractor and his organization should be prepared with all the required qualities. There may be various factors within the organization which are found to be critical in concern with the success of the project such as training in the project management, rules and procedures clearly defined, communication at all levels, quality front end planning etc. Kerzener (2006) explained about the behaviour or approac h of the some of the companies and the mega projects. According to this, many companies dream about winning the mega projects rather than recognizing their own capacity such as, lack of availability of on site and skilled workers, lack of properly trained supervisor staff and last but not least, unavailability of raw materials. As a result of such problems, company immediately assigns its employees who may have experience of such project or they may be new to such projects, who eventually face working stress from the execution of the project consequently reducing their efficiency. Such situation will create confusion and delay for the project execution which results in increase the completion cost of the project. Mega projects are not always as glorious as people think they are .Organizational stability, accompanied by moderate growth rate, and may be more important than the quantum steps to the megaprojects. In short megaprojects should be left to those companies that have the faci lities, expertise, resources, and management know-how to handle the situation (Kerzener 2006). Flyvbjerg (2005) explained about the characteristics of the large infrastructural projects as Such projects are inherently risky due to long planning horizon and complex interfaces Technology is often not standard Decision making and planning are multi actor processes with conflicting interest Often the project scope or ambition level will change significantly over time Statistical evidences shows that such unplanned events are often unaccounted for leaving budget contingencies sorely inadequate As a consequence, inappropriate information about costs, benefits, and risk is the norm The result is cost overrun and/or benefit shortfalls with majority of projects. Every construction project differs from the various types of risks such as social/institutional, technical and market related risk. International Program in the Management of Engineering and Construction (IPMEC) has conducted a study about the various types of the risks with the project. Miller et al (2008) have given examples of a various type of the projects such as, oil platform are technically difficult, but typically they face few institutional risks because they are built out of focus of the public attention. Hydro electric power project are tedious in concern with engineering but very difficult in view of social acceptability. Nuclear power projects have all technical, social and institutional risks. A road and tunnel project present high level of technical risk as rock information usually hides big surprises which may eventually affect the cost and length of the project. Here author has explained about the various types of the projects and risks related with that project. The se risk factors are the major catalyst for the causes of the cost overrun and time overrun during the project which eventually drags project towards the failure. Miler et al (2008) explained about the one of the aspects of the risk which he calls as the Turbulence. This is not the type of the risk which occurs in the construction project but it is observed in many of the construction engineering projects. Turbulence refers to the way that consequences of events are compounded in unforeseen ways, even if the initial event lies within the range of possibilities that was known in advance, but often more seriously in the case of events that are truly surprises (Miler et al 2008).In the face of such difficulties the project may get stuck, the parties which are working for the project may leave the project hence again there may be the possibilities to restart the project which may take re-approval of procedure and renegotiation to complete the project. This eventually creates delay and cost overrun in the project. Thus here we can find that the type of project, size of the project, and risks involved with the projects are interrelated with the possibility of the overrun of the cost of the project. 3.2 Cost overrun: Arditi et al (1985) conducted a survey to investigate the causes of the cost overrun in Turkey. For his study he considered the various government projects between the periods of 1970-1980. According to him various causes such as Increase in material cost and wages Inflation burden Shortage of materials and variation in the price index of the material cost, and lastly most important Delay in construction and errors in the initial estimates are the major causes of the cost estimates. As per Arditi et al (1985) the effect of the cost overrun is not only limited up to the construction industry of the turkey but also it had shown its effects to the economy of the that country. Author also stated about the worst situation of the project delays. According to him many of the time situations may arise that many of the completed activities such as casting, fabricating, exterior works of the projects get worn out during lag period and it has to be reinstated after re-approval and restart. Here author tried to explain about extra expenditure which will be spent for the reinstatement of the damaged work due to the project delay which automatically adds up a cost for the project. Author has found occurrence of cost overrun in various stages of the project such as preconstruction and construction phase. Author has not suggested any recommendations for avoiding the cost and time overrun for the projects. Only thing the author has made comment about is the practice of the publ ic agencies regarding their estimating and the payment practices. It shows that there are chances for the minimization of the cost by adopting proper and correct estimation technique and payment procedures. Various studies have been observed in the Nigerian construction industry. Dlakwa and Culpin (1990) conducted survey to investigate the various causes of cost and time overrun for the various projects during the third quarter of 1988. Dlakwa and Culpin (1990) has considered only the construction phase particularly near to completion time of the project for finding and identifying the various reasons for the cost overrun. The author here explained about the significance of completion stage, as there is maximum amount of money of the clients is invested at the completion stage as compared to conception stage of the project. Author has interpreted survey results, according to which there are five major causes for the cost overrun, Fluctuation in labour, material and plant cost Construction delay Inadequate preplanning Deficiencies in the initial estimates Unforeseeable circumstances. Author has recommended about the relationship, trust among the various stake holders such as agencies, contractors and consultants which were involved in the public project, for that reason he suggested various factors such as disagreement on the contract clauses and specifications and enforceable circumstances has to be given prime importance to avoid cost overrun. Mansfield et al (1994) carried out survey for the recently completed highway projects during 1992. The author here explained about the construction industry of one of the developing country and impact of construction industry on the economic growth of the country. Author insisted about the cost effectiveness within the project planning and project management for the development of the economy of the particular country. Author has explained about the current practices of the contracts which were used in the Nigeria. Hence it is observed as even though there are various forms of the contracts are used by public clients, the greater emphasis was given on the fixed-priced contract. Author conducted survey among 50 construction professionals ranging from contractor, consultant and client organization. According to his survey cost overrun attributed to finance and payment arrangements, poor contract management, material shortage, inaccurate estimating and overall price fluctuations in deve loping countries. The lack of proper phasing of construction project

Great Depression Essay -- American History Economy Economics Essays

Great Depression In the United States between 1929 and 1933, one hundred thousand businesses were unsuccessful. Corporate profits plummeted by nine billion dollars. Americans’ deposits were vanishing behind the closed doors of the banks. At the beginning of 1930 those without jobs totaled four million; however, by the end of 1930 that number had rose to six million (Norton 696). All of these events characterizing the Great Depression were occurring during the Herbert Hoover administration. From 1929 until his election loss in 1933, Hoover was â€Å"presiding over a gloomy and sometimes angry nation† (696). While Hoover seemed like an excellent candidate for the leadership of America, it was unknown at the time that he couldn’t offer the right leadership at the right time for the United States. America was diminishing and the country needed a leader who could pull the people out of this recession. â€Å"A new deal† needed to happen with a new president. The depress ion and its’ characteristics helped to define the deal that Americans would receive in 1933 by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. As the Great Depression grew deeper necessities became luxuries. Millions of Americans were freezing in addition to hungry and sick. Fuel was unattainable because it was unaffordable. Soup kitchens and bread lines became popular for many families in the United States. The homeless Americans crafted together small box towns called Hoovervilles (698). These â€Å"houses† were created out of anything from egg crates to boards, bricks, and dirt. In 1929 a total of 659 banks around America closed their doors. By 1930 the number had leaped to a surprising 1,350. In 1931 alone 2,293 banks went under while another 1,453 quit doing business. Money was... ...oducers on the top. The only difference is that instead of pumping the money to the producers first, it is pumped to the consumers. That way there is a reason to have production and the people have money to buy what the producers made (Manzione). This theory did not solve the Great Depression but it alleviated the symptoms. â€Å"The New Deal as a whole managed to do two major things: keep the country unified and coherent and to preserve the United States’ infrastructure† (Manzione). Roosevelt’s New Deal changed the political ideology forever. Some scholars even argue that there are two periods of government in America: pre-Roosevelt and post-Roosevelt. Whether they are right or wrong, it is inarguable that the New Deal did what it was supposed to do which was treat the symptoms of the Great Depression, which could not be solved until the onset of World War II. Great Depression Essay -- American History Economy Economics Essays Great Depression In the United States between 1929 and 1933, one hundred thousand businesses were unsuccessful. Corporate profits plummeted by nine billion dollars. Americans’ deposits were vanishing behind the closed doors of the banks. At the beginning of 1930 those without jobs totaled four million; however, by the end of 1930 that number had rose to six million (Norton 696). All of these events characterizing the Great Depression were occurring during the Herbert Hoover administration. From 1929 until his election loss in 1933, Hoover was â€Å"presiding over a gloomy and sometimes angry nation† (696). While Hoover seemed like an excellent candidate for the leadership of America, it was unknown at the time that he couldn’t offer the right leadership at the right time for the United States. America was diminishing and the country needed a leader who could pull the people out of this recession. â€Å"A new deal† needed to happen with a new president. The depress ion and its’ characteristics helped to define the deal that Americans would receive in 1933 by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. As the Great Depression grew deeper necessities became luxuries. Millions of Americans were freezing in addition to hungry and sick. Fuel was unattainable because it was unaffordable. Soup kitchens and bread lines became popular for many families in the United States. The homeless Americans crafted together small box towns called Hoovervilles (698). These â€Å"houses† were created out of anything from egg crates to boards, bricks, and dirt. In 1929 a total of 659 banks around America closed their doors. By 1930 the number had leaped to a surprising 1,350. In 1931 alone 2,293 banks went under while another 1,453 quit doing business. Money was... ...oducers on the top. The only difference is that instead of pumping the money to the producers first, it is pumped to the consumers. That way there is a reason to have production and the people have money to buy what the producers made (Manzione). This theory did not solve the Great Depression but it alleviated the symptoms. â€Å"The New Deal as a whole managed to do two major things: keep the country unified and coherent and to preserve the United States’ infrastructure† (Manzione). Roosevelt’s New Deal changed the political ideology forever. Some scholars even argue that there are two periods of government in America: pre-Roosevelt and post-Roosevelt. Whether they are right or wrong, it is inarguable that the New Deal did what it was supposed to do which was treat the symptoms of the Great Depression, which could not be solved until the onset of World War II.

Just Like in the Movies Essay -- Creative Writing Short Story Essays

Just Like in the Movies As the credits began to appear and the typical end-of-movie music started to play Anne sat quietly in her chair while the tears streamed down her face. This was not a new moment for her; in fact this is how every weekend night since high school had been spent. Most people would find something wrong or sad with this, but the truth was there was no other place she’d rather be. There was comfort she found sitting bundled up with a box of tissues and popcorn in front of whatever her movie choice of the night may be. Anne rose from the faded green chair and switched off the TV, sending the room into immediate darkness, until she flicked on the overhead light. â€Å"If that was only me,† she wondered aloud, as it was a common, almost routine question after every film for anyone who was willing to answer. The single meow of spunky, her feline companion was the only response she ever received, and tonight was no different. She shuffled her way to the kitchen to wash out the plastic popcorn bowl and glanced at the clock on the wall, 2:06 am, not a surprise. She switched off the light and headed for the bedroom with spunky close behind. Anne crawled into bed and stared at the ceiling waiting for her dreams to come carry her away. Anne Hathaway was pretty average to anyone who never took the time to get to know her, which was just about everyone. She was one of those girls that was ugly in middle school, but became beautiful in adolescence. The only problem was she didn’t know it, as far as she was concerned she remained the ugly duckling. Which was far from reality. Anne was about two weeks shy of her twenty-third birthday and could pass for eighteen. She had soft copper hair that reste... ...er reactions more than she was watching the movie. When it finally came to and end, Anne found herself smiling â€Å"well that was different.† Then she turned to Eve, who was almost on the point of laughter. â€Å"I’m sorry, I just had to show you this movie† â€Å"Why are you sorry? I liked it, I’ll admit it was ‘different’, but it was still good† Anne said, â€Å"is this what you meant when you said you wanted to see a love story that wasn’t like all the other ones?† The look on Eve’s face began to change to that of a scared little puppy. Anne looked at Eve and everything seemed to fall into place, she let go of all her hurt and leaned forward slightly to meet Eve’s lips with a kiss. There was no need for either of them to say anything, Eve had seen something in Anne, and fallen in love, and Anne had never let herself until now fall in love again.

The Six Day War Essay -- Military History

The Six Day War Introduction History records the 1967 Arab-Israeli War (Six-Day War) as one of the most memorable on record. Israeli forces delivered a stunning defeat to a coalition of Arab forces that greatly outnumbered the much smaller Israeli force. Victory was made possible by the initial aerial attack launched by Israeli Air Forces. The elements of surprise, stealth, Operational Security (OPSEC), precision planning and flawless execution were essential to victory. The opening aerial offensive has been called â€Å"one of the most stunning successes in modern warfare† . This case study will review the history, preparation, execution, and lessons learned of this conflict. There is much profit for those who will study this war and consider the essential elements that made the impossible- possible. History The United Nations General Assembly voted for the establishment of an Israeli independent state on 29 November 1947. Independence was claimed on May 14th, 1948. Immediately, Arab nations were hostile towards the presence of a Jewish state. No peace was to be enjoyed. Arab legions surrounded Israeli camps and brutally attacked and slaughtered, even civilians. Uneasy relations continued and sporadic wars were to be required in order to preserve the Jewish state. In 1967, tensions were boiling; as another war was on the horizon. While the Jewish state was far out-numbered and surrounded by foes, the Jewish people were inspired to fight for their very survival. President Gamal Abdel Nasser, of Egypt, delivered unsettling, warmongering speeches that only served to further inspire the Israelis to fight with passion. â€Å"The Israelis had a courage and patriotism that made them try harder and more unselfishly† . The... ...ng design, which proved to be a detriment as they could easily be made unusable by a single bomb strike at the intersecting runways . In addition, nations invested in advanced technology, seeking better early warning radar systems. References Tucker, Spencer C., Battles that Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011 Weller, Jae, Israeli Armor: Lessons From the Six-Day War, Military Review Vol.51, No.11, Nov 1971 Rabinovich, Abraham, First Strike, The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Vol.2, No.3, Spring 1990 In Search of Peace: Part One 1948-1967. DVD. Moriah Films, 1997 Against All Odds: Six-Day War & Raid on Entebbe. DVD. A&E Television Networks, 1996 Dogfights: No Room for Error. DVD. A&E Television Networks, 2007 Dogfights: The Complete Season One, Volume Four. DVD. A&E Television Networks, 2006

Jasper Jones Essay

Jasper jones is intriguing novel by Craig Silvey it revolves around the mysterious death the mayors daughter Laura Whishhart (jaspers girlfriend). Whose brutally abused body is found hanging from a tree in a clearing that has been adopted by jasper jones? And who has bad reputation due to his race and the fact that he has to to steal in order to survive due to the lack of parents. So jasper enlist the help of Charlie Bucktin an intelligent teenager to help hide Lauras body and get to the bottom of this alleged murder. Jasper is forced to to hide her body instead of giving her a proper funeral as the residents who reside in Corrigan are ignorant, hypocritical, narrow-minded, racist people who fail to give jasper a fair judgement of character. They blame all their troubles on jasper and any immigrants that come to live in there town, more specifically the Lu family although the town seem to accept both Jeffrey and jasper when it comes to sports as there the towns best athletes at cricket and football the only thing that keeps jasper going is his resilience to find a way through life. Craig uses a large variety of conventions to engage the reader and ensure a clear understanding of the message he wants get across. Throughout the novel jasper is repeatedly used as a scape goat by the residents of Corrigan. The kids frequently use him to get out of trouble as his parents will not pass punishment as long as there children say that they were with jasper jones or even tie the issue back to him. The adult blame him for everything as well if something goes missing it’s immediately jaspers fault or when the post office burnt down, there’s an unfortunate accident or something is found broken people will still blame jasper weather there is or isn’t any evidence to show it was him. The quotes â€Å"Jasper Jones has a terrible reputation in Corrigan his a thief, a liar, a thug, and truant. He’s lazy and unreliable. He’s a feral and an orphan or as good as, his mother is dead and his father is no good he’s the rotten model that parents hold aloft as a warning: this is how you will end up if you’re disobedient. Jasper jones is an example of where poor aptitude will lead. In families throughout Corrigan, he’s the first name to be blamed for everything. † And â€Å"outside of my man’s pocket I never stole a thing I dint need. For certains. Im talkin about food, matched, clothes sometimes, whatever nuthin big ever nuthin people could go without. The first of these two quotes shows how jasper has a bad reputation and that people look down on him in disgust, like his a feral runt. That he gets blamed for every misdemeanour even though his clearly not responsible the enumeration and use of insulting words gets the message across that his hated and everyone thinks his always up to no good even, that his reputation destroys any chance he has to defend himself and show that he hasn’t done anything wrong. While the second quote justifies jaspers actions in the sense that he only took what he needed that he was only trying to survive as he had no support from his father. He never stole out of greed and never had any luxuries he only had what he needed to survive and that it was society who looks down on him even with all of their comforts and fulfilled desires. The way in which its written shows how jasper interactions with society are limited and how his hasn’t had the option to get an education as he’s developed his own way of speaking which consist of mostly slang, this isn’t beneficial l to his reputation ever as it for some residents it reinforces the idea that he’s an uneducated feral. As a whole we can see that jasper is mistreated and misjudged which leads to everyone believing him to be genuine bad boy who is a source of unruly behaviour and a bad influence to those who are around him and as such is used as a template for where bad behaviour and disobedience will lead you. Although Corrigans residents is highly judgemental towards jasper and acts through prejudice there highly accepting to his athletic capabilities and while his making the town look good and winning there football games for him everyone will jeer him on just like they would to a Caucasian teenager but as soon as jasper walks of the field that acceptance disappears and people start treating him like an outcast again this shows a hypocorism the people of Corrigan as they can cheer someone on as long as there accomplishing something for them but as soon as that person has done it they shack their heads at that person in disgust as through there worthless and don’t contribute to society in any way. â€Å"the folks who watch jasper play, who barrack for him like he was one of their own, are the same ones who might cut their eyes at him should he walk there way a few hours after the game. But they’ll smile and cheer and shake their heads in wonderment if he takes a run through centre or if he nails one in the pocket† this quote shows how the towns racial prejudice and hypocrisy and can in make them change their thoughts about jasper in a matter of second. That they refuse to accept him as a civil human being in general life but as soon as his winning a game for them his suddenly the best person they’ve ever come across as he’s beneficial to them. The conventions here are juxtaposition to help show how ignorant and arrogant Corrigan’s residence really as they change their mind from he’s amazing, great, and spectacular to his filth, a runt and worthless to everybody Jasper manages to accept and lives through the prejudice based treatment because of the incredible amount of resilience he has, although his shunned, hatted, despised, judged and mistreated. Yet jasper doesn’t show any bitterness to the town of Corrigan, he doesn’t resent them he just accepts the way things are in the hopes that he might be able to change them. He has still developed a sense of loyalty at sense of right and wrong a maturity that is far advanced for his age and a street smart attitude to what the world is actually like. he has come to forgive those who mistreat him and treat them like equals even tho they neglect his right to be treated like one. † I bin looking after myself since I can remember. And that’s food, cloth, where I sleep the whole lot I tole, it doesn’t matter how old you are. Everyone ages. Everyone can learn a trade and pay taxes and have a family. But that’s not growing up. It’s about how you act when your shit gets shaken up, it’s about how much you see around you, that’s what makes a man. And if I can do it here, in this town, I can do it anywhere I reckon. This quote shows how resilient jasper has always been his been looking after himself for basically his whole life and has never lost hope or the slightest amount of morale. He believes that is He can handle the stress and tolerate the intolerance of others he can make a living he can make a good name for himself and come out of it as a better person then he is a man and that if he can do it in Corrigan he can get himself accepted by anyone, anywhere. The use of slang here in jaspers speech really help visualize the situation as it makes readers feel like what jaspers saying is the truth and that ever word is meant. Which makes it an emotive text as readers feel sorry about jaspers current situation yet are inspired by the resilience he shows to not give up. So in conclusion jasper has stayed strong despite his mistreatment by the town of Corrigan, he hasn’t grown bitter towards the residence or think of them as bad people just that there ignorant. As they only accept the athletic part of him and not the indigenous. And as such infuses the stereotype that aboriginals are bad news and jaspers already bad reputation to create the perfect scape goat for their troubles and problems and through craig silveys excellent use of conventions and unique writing style readers understand this text and its meaning relatively easy.

Ethical Lens Inventory Reflection Essay

My personal ethical lens is â€Å"Rights-responsibility and results lens.† The ethics game defines this lens as â€Å"I balance rationality and my intuition to decide how to complete tasks for the best of an individual.† Ethical lens report www.ethicsgame.com The results of the Ethical Lens Inventory (ELI) state my strengths as making choices for the greater good of everyone involved. I make it priority that each person’s rights are protected to assure everyone in the community is treated fairly. My opinion of ethical behavior is a person who does their job and does the right this as an individual. Meaning by making the right choice as an individual you can make several people happy at one time. When problem solving I analyze the problem thoroughly. I also take in considerations all options that are available to effectively solve the problem. After completing the research of new information I also keep in mind things that have worked for me in the past. I incorporate new information and my past experiences to solve the situation at hand. My weaknesses are defined as believing that my best is good enough. I feel as though I am content as long as I have succeeded. I can sometimes cause upset and pain unintentionally because of this. Another weakness is thinking because someone does not do things my way that it is not being done properly. I tend to become narrow minded. The ELI states I can become judgmental. It also states I may hold to high of expectations for those around me, and I can be an overachiever. It also said I should be careful not to cause failure for myself but putting too much on my plate. Many of my weaknesses can be very hurtful, and I need to be very aware of them. The ELI defines my blind spot as â€Å"Belief that motive justifies method or your own good is good.† â€Å"I sometimes fail to be accountable for those who are depending on me. I become complacent once I have satisfied my own needs, leaving others to fend for their own.† I can honestly say I strongly disagree with this information provided. I do not feel that others cannot depend on me. I am always the one helping everyone in a troubled situation. I hold myself accountable even when others do not. According to the ELI my classic values are temperance and prudence. â€Å"I value balance and restraint in the desire for pleasure. I offer wisdom in areas I am knowledgeable and foresight as I am enlightened. I bring optimism, imagination, and  entrepreneurship to the table.† I feel that this does describe me. I try to always keep an open mind. I love taking in new and fresh idea and strive for success in everything I do. My behaviors are described as following the rules individually while keeping others in mind also. I do what is expected and defined as right. I also try to keep others feelings in consideration so not to cause upset. I found this a bit contradictory to my weaknesses defined above. The ELI has made me aware of a few things that could potentially become serious issues if not focused on. It stated my vice was judgmental or greedy. If this were to show itself I could potentially seriously hurt a person’s feelings. I did not notice that for some individuals I hold extremely high expectations until review the results of the ELI. I have now become aware of this and trying to keep my expectations at a reasonable level. I also have to keep in mind that just because my way does work, someone else can reach the same result I do even if they do not do it my way. The ELI influences critical thinking in many different ways. Depending on where you fell in the lens you could be, like me, autonomous. You do what is right and what is best for you but also for the greater good of everyone. Critical thinking is to ask questions, do not take everything at face value, consider multiple points of view, and then draw a conclusion. I feel ethics can be very personal and emotional. Ethics are something that I feel are taught at a very young age and are groomed throughout life. I feel the same about critical thinking. Critical thinking is a problem solving tool and ethics are how we solve that problem logically. The simplicity of critical thinking breaks down once you involve emotions or personal biases involved. It can hinder a person from seeking multiple points of view. The ELI states that I am rational so I hope this never becomes an issue for me. I found the ELI very enlightening. After review and researching I cannot say I totally agree with everything stated. I will be aware of the things it did bring to my a ttention and try to be sure to keep them at bay.